Power system inertia estimation: Review of methods and the impacts of converter-interfaced generations

Tan, Bendong; Zhao, Junbo; Netto, Marcos; Krishnan, Venkat; Terzija, Vladimir; Zhang, Yingchen

doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2021.107362

Cited by 112 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Several power system inertia estimation methods have been proposed in recent years. A comprehensive overview can be found in [2] and [3].…”

Section: B Literature Review Of Inertia Estimation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A recursive system identification inertia estimator for traditional and converter-interfaced generators

Gotti¹,

Ledesma²,

Amarís³

2023

Preprint

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<p>This paper proposes a method to estimate the inertia constant of synchronous generators (SGs) and the virtual inertia provided by converter-interfaced generators (CIGs). The algorithm is based on a gray-box system identification approach and uses the active power and bus frequency measurements proceeding from phasor measurement units. The measurements are preprocessed to improve the estimation accuracy. Subsequently, a model-independent rotor speed estimator is used to compute rotor speed variations (or internal frequency variations, in the case of CIGs). Afterward, a recursive least-square equation error formulation is implemented to compute the SG and CIG parameters in the z-domain, which are later converted into their respective counterparts in the s-domain. The method is applied to several generation devices in the IEEE 39-bus test system, including traditional SGs and CIGs providing virtual inertia. Numerical results show the accuracy and the low computational burden of the proposed method.</p>

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“…Several power system inertia estimation methods have been proposed in recent years. A comprehensive overview can be found in [2] and [3].…”

Section: B Literature Review Of Inertia Estimation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A recursive system identification inertia estimator for traditional and converter-interfaced generators

Gotti¹,

Ledesma²,

Amarís³

2023

Preprint

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“…The power grid is evolving to integrate more and more RES, mainly wind and solar, which do not consist mechanical inertia. In the context of large-scale connection of RES, the low inertia features weakened the robustness of the power system and its ability to recover frequency from disturbances [6]. Intensive research work has been focused on improving the system inertia levels with various proposals.…”

Section: Existing Inertia Support Methods For Gridsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Inertia Support Potential From HVDC Cables in Power Systems With High Renewable Energy Source Penetration

Jiang

2022

IEEE Access

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Stimulated from the de-carbonization targets which was set up by governments worldwide, more and more conventional generation has been decommissioned. Lack of power system inertia support has gradually emerged as a major challenge for system operators around the world. It is especially the case for weak power systems with higher renewable energy source penetration. Existing research in providing inertial support relies on the installation of super capacitors onto the existing high voltage direct current (HVDC) systems. This technique imposes additional cost and reliability concerns. This article proposed a novel strategy which unlocked the potential from HVDC cables to provide inertia support. A comprehensive feasibility study has been performed on a prototype system in which the dynamic frequency response is analyzed. The results showed that for a feasible control strategy, the released energy from HVDC cables is sufficient to replace the vast majority of synchronous machines within a typical power system. This demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing existing HVDC cables for inertia support which significantly reduces the economic costs and improves the system reliabilities.INDEX TERMS HVDC cables, high renewable energy source penetration, inertia support potential

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“…This issue is clearly relevant in engineering applications, for example in the design of control systems that regulate the frequency in a power system. If the estimation of the controlled signal is not correct or accurate enough, then it also becomes hard to ensure a reliable and robust control design [6]- [10].…”

Section: B Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Differential Geometry to Revisit the Paradoxes of the Instantaneous Frequency

Milano

Tzounas²,

Dassios

et al. 2022

IEEE Open J. Power Energy

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This paper proposes a general framework to interpret the concept of Instantaneous Frequency (IF) in three-phase systems. The paper first recalls the conventional frequency-domain analysis based on the Fourier transform as well as the definition of IF which is based on the concept of analytic signals. The link between analytic signals and Clarke transform of three-phase voltages of an ac power system is also shown. Then the well-known five paradoxes of the IF are stated. In the second part of the paper, an approach based on a geometric interpretation of the frequency is proposed. This approach serves to revisit the five IF paradoxes and explain them through a common framework. The case study illustrates the features of the proposed framework based on a variety of examples and on a detailed model of the IEEE 39-bus system.

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Power system inertia estimation: Review of methods and the impacts of converter-interfaced generations

Cited by 112 publications

References 102 publications

A recursive system identification inertia estimator for traditional and converter-interfaced generators

A recursive system identification inertia estimator for traditional and converter-interfaced generators

Study of the Inertia Support Potential From HVDC Cables in Power Systems With High Renewable Energy Source Penetration

Using Differential Geometry to Revisit the Paradoxes of the Instantaneous Frequency

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