Power system frequency control: An updated review of current solutions and new challenges

Bevrani, Hassan; Golpîra, Hêmin; Messina, A.R.; Hatziargyriou, Nikos D.; Milano, Federico; Ise, Toshifumi

doi:10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107114

Cited by 127 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…Nowadays, several grid codes demand from both large-and small-scale DERs to provide frequency support functions to the utility grid [4], [5]. In this context, large-scale DERs, directly connected to the TS, can participate in frequency AS markets, increasing their revenues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, conventional SG-based power systems are transformed into converter-based ones [3]. This shift towards converter-interfaced generation modifies the dynamic properties of power systems [4], affecting also their frequency control capability and performance [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, converter-interfaced units do not possess inherent inertia and primary frequency control capabilities [3], [5]. Thus, significant frequency changes, fast-frequency dynamics, under frequency load shedding and even frequency instabilities are expected in power systems dominated by converterinterfaced units [5], [6]. Therefore, to enhance system stability and to ensure the uninterruptible provision of high quality power, frequency control functionalities, such as inertia and PFR, should be embedded to converter-interfaced DERs [4], [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, significant frequency changes, fast-frequency dynamics, under frequency load shedding and even frequency instabilities are expected in power systems dominated by converterinterfaced units [5], [6]. Therefore, to enhance system stability and to ensure the uninterruptible provision of high quality power, frequency control functionalities, such as inertia and PFR, should be embedded to converter-interfaced DERs [4], [5]. In fact, nowadays several interconnection standards impose that DERs should provide frequency support to the power system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Provision of Primary Frequency Response as Ancillary Service From Active Distribution Networks to the Transmission System

Kontis

Nozal

Mauricio

et al. 2021

IEEE Trans. Smart Grid

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This paper deals with the provision of primary frequency response (PFR) as ancillary service (AS) from active distribution networks (ADNs) to the transmission system (TS). In particular, two methodologies are developed. The first one aims to quantify the PFR capability range of the ADN. This range is defined by determining the range of the aggregated, i.e., equivalent, active power -frequency P (f ) droop curves that can be provided at the point of interconnection (POI) with the TS. The second one targets to optimally control P (f ) droop curves of individual distributed energy resources (DERs), installed in the premises of the ADN, to guarantee specific frequency regulation characteristic at the POI. This frequency regulation characteristic is expressed by means of a P (f ) droop curve. Both methods are tested on two discrete distribution systems. Several test cases are examined to demonstrate their implementation. Additionally, comparisons against conventional approaches and time series simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed methods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%