Power System Disturbances During A K-8 Geomagnetic Storm: August 4, 1972

Albertson, V. D.; Thorson, John M.

doi:10.1109/tpas.1974.294046

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Elsewhere in the world, the largest interest in GIC has been in North America as demonstrated, for example, by Albertson & Thorson (1974), Lanzerotti (1979), Bolduc (2002), Trichtchenko & Boteler (2004), Kappenman (2005) and Pulkkinen et al (2010). In 2000s, and especially motivated by the October 2003 event, GIC has reached attention also at lower geomagnetic latitudes: see Bernhardi et al (2008) (South Africa), Trivedi et al (2007) (Brazil), Liu et al (2009) (China), Watari et al (2009) (Japan) and Marshall et al (2011) (Australia).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continental scale modelling of geomagnetically induced currents

Viljanen

Pirjola

Wik³

et al. 2012

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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The EURISGIC project (European Risk from Geomagnetically Induced Currents) aims at deriving statistics of geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) in the European high-voltage power grids. Such a continent-wide system of more than 1500 substations and transmission lines requires updates of the previous modelling, which has dealt with national grids in fairly small geographic areas. We present here how GIC modelling can be conveniently performed on a spherical surface with minor changes in the previous technique. We derive the exact formulation to calculate geovoltages on the surface of a sphere and show its practical approximation in a fast vectorised form. Using the model of the old Finnish power grid and a much larger prototype model of European high-voltage power grids, we validate the new technique by comparing it to the old one. We also compare model results to measured data in the following cases: geoelectric field at the Nagycenk observatory, Hungary; GIC at a Russian transformer; GIC along the Finnish natural gas pipeline. In all cases, the new method works reasonably well.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continental scale modelling of geomagnetically induced currents

Viljanen

Pirjola

Wik³

et al. 2012

J. Space Weather Space Clim.

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“…In particular, a rapid increase in the solar wind momentum flux incident on the magnetosphere acts to compress the magnetosphere, increasing the magnetic field everywhere within, initiating wave activity, and enhancing currents at the magnetosphere boundary, within the magnetosphere, and within the ionosphere. Very large sudden compressions have been responsible for causing power grid failures (Brooks, 1959;Albertson and Thorson, 1974), anddisruption oftelecommunications (Winckleretal., 1959;Anderson et al, 1974). It is believed that large induction magnetic fields set up large potential differences along power lines, overloading transformers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The CME Event of February 21, 1994: Response of the Magnetic Field at the Earth's Surface.

Petrinec

Yumoto

Lühr

et al. 1996

J. geomagn. geoelec

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On February 21, 1994, a large coronal mass ejection (CME) passed by the Earth. In the solar wind, the CME front was noted by very large changes in the solar wind dynamic pressure, flow direction, and magnetic field, as measured by several spacecraft. At the Earth's surface, many ground stations also recorded the passage of this CME, as a storm sudden commencement onset. We examine here several interesting features of the surface magnetic field response to this sudden commencement onset. In particular, we use the magnetometer records to examine the propagation time of the initial impulse along the Earth's surface. We also study in detail the initial amplitude change at several stations, and note the variation in the response as a function of magnetic latitude. In addition, we crudely estimate the relative contributions of the Chapman-Ferraro and the ionospheric current system to the surface response. Also of interest is the polarization and period of Psc oscillations superposed on the main impulse at several stations, including polarization reversals as a function of magnetic latitude. Corresponding ionospheric currents at stations along the 210° MM chain are also computed, and very large and sudden changes in the ionospheric current flow patterns are reported during the initial minutes of the sudden commencement onset. These and other results are interpreted in terms of previous models, paradigms, and statistical results.

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“…The accumulated voltage difference between two low impedance ground points in the power grid yields a current high enough to produce documented damage and power system instability to the North American power grid [1]. GIC is known to produce adverse effects on, static var compensators, switched capacitor banks, and most notably, high voltage transformers [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The high voltage transformer cores become saturated by the GIC and produce unusual MW and Mvar flows, voltage fluctuation, and frequency shifts.…”

Section: A Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power flow studies in the presence of geomagnetically induced currents

Hutchins

Overbye

2012

2012 IEEE Power and Energy Conference at Illinois

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Embedding the modeling and simulation of geomagnetically induced currents, GIC, into power flow simulation software allows the study of sensitivity and transient stability of the North American bulk power system under the distress of a geomagnetic storm. Modeling the interaction between the auroral electrojets and the Earth's atmosphere is a crucial step in determining the geoelectric field induced by the geomagnetic storm. Geomagnetic storms interact with the Earth's magnetic field, inducing damaging currents into the power grid, which have proven to be harmful to high voltage transformers and the overall stability of the power grid.

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Power System Disturbances During A K-8 Geomagnetic Storm: August 4, 1972

Cited by 47 publications

References 1 publication

Continental scale modelling of geomagnetically induced currents

Continental scale modelling of geomagnetically induced currents

The CME Event of February 21, 1994: Response of the Magnetic Field at the Earth's Surface.

Power flow studies in the presence of geomagnetically induced currents

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