Power sources sizing for a fuel cell hybrid vehicle

Abstract

Fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHV) are attractive alternatives to fossil fuel based ones in terms of lowering levels of polluting emissions. This paper presents a methodology for modeling, sizing, and power management of FCHV. The aim of the study is to achieve the lowest cost of driving over different driving cycles taking into consideration the vehicle specifications and minimum drivability constraints. The tunnel dynamic programming (TDP) is used to find the optimal power split between the battery and the fuel cell to meet the power demand for driving. On the other hand, since cost is a major barrier hindering the commercialization of FCHV, Pareto front is used to determine the best combination of sizes to achieve the lowest operational cost. The analysis covers different driving cycles including a combination of the highway and urban driving cycles mimicking a realistic one. The focus on lithium titanate battery and the combination of TDP‐Pareto front are the significant contributions of this paper. Comparative results against a commercial hybrid vehicle showed that the proposed model found a more efficient design in terms of hydrogen consumption and more capable in meeting aggressive drivability constraints as the electric motor size selected is greater.

Design and development of model for proton exchange membrane fuel cell

“…Where ∆𝑔 = standard-state free energy change for the hydrogen-oxygen reaction; ∆𝑔 = -237000 J mol −1 ; z =2, for hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell. Substituting all the known values, in (2).…”

“…Now that electric vehicles are available on the market, however, consumers should be aware that these automobiles have several drawbacks, including a short driving range, a lengthy amount of time required to recharge the battery, and inefficient operation. These drawbacks of electric vehicles 1062 can be circumvented by using a fuel cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV), which operates on batteries and fuel cells that use hydrogen as a fuel [2], [3].…”

Optimal Sizing and Dynamic Energy Source Characteristics of Hybrid Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review and Future Directions

“…Here, the BU decay was investigated using Arrhenius' model and a quantitative FC decay model was derived for distinct operating conditions, such as idling, rapid load changes, low loads, start-up times, and shutdown times. A methodology for modelling the sizing and power management of FCHEVs with BU source systems was presented by [108]. Their strategy combines the FC and BU sizes in a hybrid FC vehicle so as to reduce the system costs, which are a major obstacle to the commercialization of FC hybrid vehicles.…”

“…Hence, most rule-based EMSs rely on the SoC of the BU. The CD-CS modes of power management operation have been widely used [7], [83], [84], [91], [101], [108]. In the CD mode, power is drawn from the BU, so the SoC of the BU continuously decreases.…”

Minimizing Energy Consumption and Powertrain Cost of Fuel Cell Hybrid Vehicles with Consideration of Different Driving Cycles and SOC Ranges

“…Cristian et al [29] investigated the fuel consumption of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) under different driving cycles using different power management strategies. Furthermore, in addition to energy management strategies, power-source sizing has an impact on fuel consumption and powertrain costs [1,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38]. Liu et al [30] developed a power-source sizing model for FTP-72 driving conditions to compare and analyze the total powertrain cost, battery life, battery energy loss, and fuel consumption with and without battery current constraints for different effective power-source sizes.…”