Power Reduction Considerations for Bulk Carriers With Respect to Novel Energy Efficiency Regulations

Kalajdžić, Milan; Vasilev, Matija; Momčilović, Nikola

doi:10.21278/brod73205

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…They estimated carbon emissions based on a technology-driven model and a business-as-usual model for an all-diesel fleet. In addition, Kalajdzic [3] investigated bulk carriers' power reduction concerns in light of the new energy efficiency rules.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Estimating bulk carriers’ main engine power and emissions

Güneş¹

2023

brod

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Great importance is had in understanding the current situation of maritime transport and making predictions about its future. Maritime transport is an essential part of transportation, and correctly predicting installed main engine power has great significance in maritime transport with regard to fuel consumption and the generation of emissions. Nonlinear regression is a method with great potential in making predictions, as it allows for more realistic models to be developed using multiple variables. Vessels' dimensions of carrying capacity, gross tonnage, length, and breadth significantly impact the required main engine power. This article will calculate and estimate the installed main engine power for bulk carriers through nonlinear regression using data for the as yet highest number of bulk carriers (n = 9,174 ships) and compare the results with the studies in the literature. The developed model has an accuracy of 93.2% for six different bulk carrier types (Small, Handysize, Handymax, Panamax, Capesize, and Large Capesize). In addition, the study calculates the emissions these ships produce (NOx, SO2, CO2, HC, PM), estimating and demonstrating a nonlinear linear regression model for these ships' emission amounts. The performed analyses have found the main engine power required per unit of load to decrease as ship size increases. However, these analyses also show the emissions generated per unit of load to decrease as size increases, with Large Capesize vessels being found to have the lowest fuel consumption and emission generation per unit of load.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The recommendation is that onboard controls are more effective at reducing SO2 emissions due to the variable sulphur content found in marine fuels [7]. Another issue regarding emission reduction is having ship designs satisfy current energy efficiency requirements [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating bulk carriers’ main engine power and emissions

Güneş¹

2023

brod

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“…Much research has been dedicated to investigating these aspects, especially since the International Maritime Organization introduced their Energy Efficiency Design Index in 2011. More recently, Kalajdžić et al (2022) investigated the energy efficiency of already existing ships where the only main particular that can be optimized in a meaningful way is the required engine power, and thus the speed. To meet an energy efficient criterion, main engine power and speed reduction are necessary [13], so-called slow steaming.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a reliability model for crack growth occurrence for a secondary hull component

Kleivane¹,

Leira²,

Steen³

2023

brod

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Ship hull vibration is a major contributor to fatigue crack growth and main engine excitation is identified as an important vibration source. A general method to solve any vibration problem arising onboard a ship does not exist, which encourages the use of a reliability-based framework for assessing ship vibration and its consequences. A stochastic model of vibration response is developed for the probabilistic formulation of the failure probability of the occurrence of crack propagation of a secondary structural hull component. The secondary structural component considered is a pipe stack support. The pipe stack support connects a cargo pump pipe stack to the wall inside the cargo tank, and the support is welded directly onto this wall. First, a generic cargo hold model is analysed with engine speed and the relative distance between the engine and the structural component under consideration as stochastic variables. Then, submodels are used to investigate the local vibration of the support and the stress response is evaluated for a combination of different engine speeds and relative distances. A surface is fitted to the vibration response and used for probabilistic analysis by Monte Carlo (MC/DSPS) and FORM/SORM reliability methods. The limit state is formulated as the possibility of fatigue crack growth based on a threshold stress intensity factor. This threshold factor depends on the initial crack size and different initial sizes are investigated. The adequacy of the functional representation for the stochastic model, which is fitted to discrete data points, is also assessed. It is seen that a functional representation using a sum of sine terms give an adequate fit for describing the stress response induced by engine speed, while a polynomial representation was adequate for the relative distance variable. The failure probability estimated by Monte Carlo simulations and SORM indicates that the pipe stack support is not critical for the occurrence of fatigue crack growth. A main observation from the analysis is that the reliability-based design of secondary structural components, also looking at the interaction with the global structure, may help to improve the vibration-induced stresses in local hull details by application of proper design measures.

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“…In 2011, the Energy Efficiency Design Index (EEDI) [4] was proposed to urge shipping companies to meet basic energy efficiency requirements when building new ships and the Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan (SEEMP) [5] was put forward in the same year (specific ship operational measures to reduce emissions). In late 2020, IMO approved the MARPOL Annex VI amendment, which requires all existing ships to satisfy both the Efficiency Existing Ship Index (EEXI) and Carbon Intensity Indicator (CII) requirements, as well [6]. This represents the IMO's follow-up action plan for reducing GHG emissions from international shipping vessels up to 2050.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring the Performance of a Ship’s Main Engine Based on Big Data Technology

Liang

Chen

2022

Polish Maritime Research

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Under the recent background of ‘Green Shipping’ and rising fuel prices, it is very important to reduce the fuel consumption rate of ships, which is directly affected by the performance of the main engine. A reasonable maintenance schedule can optimise the performance of the main engine. However, a traditional maintenance schedule is based on the navigation distance and time, ignoring many other factors, such as a harsh working environments and frequently changing operating conditions, which will lead to faster performance degradation. In this study, a real-time evaluation method combing big data of ship energy efficiency with physics-based analysis is proposed to judge the degradation of main engine performance and assist in determining the maintenance schedule. Firstly, based on the developed ship energy efficiency big data platform, the distribution statistics and comparison of different operating states are carried out. Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) are used to cluster the data and the high-density data areas are obtained as the analysis points. Then, the data of the analysis points are polynomial fitted, by the least square method, to obtain the propulsion characteristics curves, load characteristic curves, and speed characteristic curves, which can be used to observe the performance degradation of the main engine. The results show that this method can effectively monitor the degradation degree of the main engine performance, and is of great significance to fuel efficiency improvements and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reduction.

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Power Reduction Considerations for Bulk Carriers With Respect to Novel Energy Efficiency Regulations

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Estimating bulk carriers’ main engine power and emissions

Estimating bulk carriers’ main engine power and emissions

Development of a reliability model for crack growth occurrence for a secondary hull component

Monitoring the Performance of a Ship’s Main Engine Based on Big Data Technology

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