Power quality metrics for DC grids with pulsed power loads

Mariscotti, Andrea

doi:10.21014/acta_imeko.v10i2.1065

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…Transients may be caused by load and source switch on and off, including pulsed power loads [153,154], and by other faster electrical phenomena [155]. Major fast transients are mainly a problem of withstanding capability of equipment and components [155].…”

Section: Transients and Pulsed Loads: Area Energy Duration And Power Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Developing the time derivative of P P (t) by exploiting the Fourier series of the absorbed power, an equivalent expression in the frequency domain was obtained in [154], as follows:…”

Section: Transients and Pulsed Loads: Area Energy Duration And Power Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The behavior of a 33 kW pulsed power load is shown in Figure 12 [154]. The first voltage pulse has visibly fewer high-frequency oscillations than the following ones and a slightly larger peak value (about 3 V larger, less than 1%).…”

Section: Transients and Pulsed Loads: Area Energy Duration And Power Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…total harmonic distortion may be calculated in analogy to what has been recently done for AC grids onboard US Navy electric ships in Appendix A of [156], where power distortion (PD) is calculated over the frequency interval 1 Hz-2 kHz for the harmonic active power components Pn with respect to the total active power Pav named "real power": The behavior of a 33 kW pulsed power load is shown in Figure 12 [154]. The first voltage pulse has visibly fewer high-frequency oscillations than the following ones and a slightly larger peak value (about 3 V larger, less than 1%).…”

Section: Transients and Pulsed Loads: Area Energy Duration And Power Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 12. PPL profile with periodic pulsation and superposed ripple (elaborated from [154]): voltage (black) and current (grey) use the left axis, power (red) uses the right axis. Calculation of metrics for three consecutive periods: top black are for the voltage profile V(t) (S, E, and τ with the prime indicating subtraction of the steady state value Vdc), middle brown for the power trajectory PP(t) (metric dP calculated using "difference" of adjacent samples, dP,d, and "gradient", dP,g, a central Figure 12.…”

Section: Transients and Pulsed Loads: Area Energy Duration And Power Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Power Quality Phenomena, Standards, and Proposed Metrics for DC Grids

Mariscotti

2021

Energies

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This work addresses the problem of power quality (PQ) metrics (or indexes) suitable for DC grids, encompassing low and medium voltage applications, including electric transports, all-electric ships and aircrafts, electric vehicles, distributed generation and microgrids, modern data centers, etc. The two main pillars on which such PQ indexes are discussed and built are: (i) the physical justification, so the electric phenomena affecting DC grids and components (PV panels, fuel cells, capacitors, batteries, etc.), causing, e.g., stress of materials, aging, distortion, grid instability; and (ii) the existing standardization framework, pointing out desirable coverage and extension, similarity with AC grids standards, but also inconsistencies. For the first point, each phenomenon is discussed with quantitative conclusions on relevant thresholds: in many cases some percentage of distortion (ripple) is acceptable (stress on capacitors and storage, impact on fuel cells, and PV panels), whereas in other cases, much higher levels may be tolerated (interference to protection and monitoring devices). Standards are reviewed for indications not only of low-order harmonics and voltage fluctuations typical of old DC grid schemes, but also for high-frequency noise, including thus supraharmonics and common-mode disturbance, and filling the gap with the electromagnetic compatibility domain. However, phenomena typical of EMC and electrical safety (such as various types of overvoltages and fast transients) are excluded. Suitable PQ indexes are then reviewed, suggesting integrations and modifications, to cover the relevant phenomena and technological progress, and to better follow the normative exigencies: ripple is considered in time and frequency domain, in particular with a band limited implementation; for transients and pulsed loads, more traditional indexes based on area, energy, and half duration are confronted with indexes evaluating the power trajectory and its derivative.

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Section: Transients and Pulsed Loads: Area Energy Duration And Power Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Developing the time derivative of P P (t) by exploiting the Fourier series of the absorbed power, an equivalent expression in the frequency domain was obtained in [154], as follows:…”

Section: Transients and Pulsed Loads: Area Energy Duration And Power Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transients and Pulsed Loads: Area Energy Duration And Power Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transients and Pulsed Loads: Area Energy Duration And Power Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Transients and Pulsed Loads: Area Energy Duration And Power Trajectorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Power Quality Phenomena, Standards, and Proposed Metrics for DC Grids

Mariscotti

2021

Energies

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A Survey on Pulse Power Load Applications and Tools for Simulation

D'Agostino,

Kaza,

Silvestro

et al. 2023

2023 IEEE Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS)

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A High-Frequency Digitiser System for Real-Time Analysis of DC Grids with DC and AC Power Quality Triggering

2023

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The presence of DC grids in distribution networks is being increased nowadays and is expected to be quite relevant in a near future, due to several advantages compared to traditional AC systems. Regardless of this, Power Quality in DC grids (DC PQ) (voltage variations, transients, spectral components, etc.) still remains not properly considered and there is a lack of reference normative documents such as standards, application guides or technical reports for their application. In this context, it is necessary to obtain more experience on real measurements, in order to define appropriate DC PQ parameters and limits that assess a reliable operation of the whole power network and eventually lead to establishing a reference frame acceptable for both generation sources and final users. In this work, a novel high frequency (up to 4 MS/s) digitiser system is presented for the study of DC PQ events. The system is designed to acquire waveforms with triggers fired by events in both DC and AC signals. The captured signals are pre-processed in real-time to be able to recover pre-trigger information stored in memory. The system was installed in a real DC micro-grid and configured to take data in an unattended way. Additionally, the results of the first months of data acquisition are presented.

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Power quality metrics for DC grids with pulsed power loads

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Power Quality Phenomena, Standards, and Proposed Metrics for DC Grids

Power Quality Phenomena, Standards, and Proposed Metrics for DC Grids

A Survey on Pulse Power Load Applications and Tools for Simulation

A High-Frequency Digitiser System for Real-Time Analysis of DC Grids with DC and AC Power Quality Triggering

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