Power module electronics in HEV/EV applications: New trends in wide-bandgap semiconductor technologies and design aspects

Matallana, Asier; Ibarra, Edorta; López, Iraide; Andreu, Jon; Gárate, José Ignacio; Jordà, X.; Rebollo, J.

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2019.109264

Cited by 107 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 151 publications

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“…The switching frequency f sw was set to 10 kHz, as DC bus voltages and switching frequencies of such magnitude orders are common in current industrial automotive inverters [46]. Figure 9 shows the CMV variations and their harmonic spectrum over one switching period when using the studied DC-decoupling and AC-decoupling topologies.…”

Section: Comparison Of the Studied Topologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Common Mode Voltage Issues in Electric Vehicle Drive Systems by Means of an Alternative AC-Decoupling Power Converter Topology

et al. 2019

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Electric vehicles (EV) are gaining popularity due to current environmental concerns. The electric drive, which is constituted by a power converter and an electric machine, is one of the main elements of the EV. Such machines suffer from common mode voltage (CMV) effects. The CMV introduces leakage currents through the bearings, leading to premature failures and reducing the propulsion system life cycles. As future EV power converters will rely on wide bandgap semiconductors with high switching frequency operation, CMV problems will become more prevalent, making the research on CMV mitigation strategies more relevant. A variety of CMV reduction methods can be found in the scientific literature, such as the inclusion of dedicated filters and the implementation of specific modulation techniques. However, alternative power converter topologies can also be introduced for CMV mitigation. The majority of such power converters for CMV mitigation are single-phase topologies intended for photovoltaic applications; thus, solutions in the form of three-phase topologies that could be applied to EVs are very limited. Considering all these, this paper proposes alternative three-phase topologies that could be exploited in EV applications. Their performance is compared with other existing proposals, providing a clear picture of the available alternatives, emphasizing their merits and drawbacks. From this comprehensive study, the benefits of a novel AC-decoupling topology is demonstrated. Moreover, an adequate modulation technique is also investigated in order to exploit the benefits of this topology while considering a trade-off between CMV mitigation, efficiency, and total harmonic distortion (THD). In order to extend the results of the study close to the real application, the performance of the proposed AC-decoupling topology is simulated using a complete and accurate EV model (including vehicle dynamics and a detailed propulsion system model) by means of state-of-the-art digital real-time simulation.Energies 2019, 12, 3349 2 of 27 the commutations of the power converter devices generate significant high-frequency CMV variations (Figure 1a). As a result, these voltage variations can produce not only high electromagnetic interferences (EMI) [6][7][8], but also shaft voltages (Figure 1b) in the electric machine [9][10][11], producing new capacitive paths [10]. These paths result in high-frequency leakage currents (Figure 1c) circulating through the motor bearings [12][13][14]. The most relevant capacitive paths are depicted in Figure 2, where the most significant bearing currents produced by CMV are the capacitive currents, electrostatic discharge currents, circulating currents, and rotor ground currents [9,13]. As bearings are critical components for the electric machine [10], a number of industrial companies are currently analyzing the degradation problems generated by such bearing currents [15][16][17].Regarding this issue, it is important to remark that although the majority of current industrial solutions rely on silicon-bas...

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Section: Comparison Of the Studied Topologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Common Mode Voltage Issues in Electric Vehicle Drive Systems by Means of an Alternative AC-Decoupling Power Converter Topology

et al. 2019

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“…Additionally, other semiconductors like GaN or SiC could be useful. In particular, silicon carbide is frequently applied in electronics [14], electric automobiles construction [15], in high power electronics as heat sink, and in many other applications [16] due to its wide band-gap, high thermal conductivity, and chemical stability [14,17,18]. It was also used in field electron emission [14,19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Electron Emission Experiments with Cold-Sprayed Cu-SiC Composite Coatings

2021

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Field electron emission of cold-sprayed copper-silicon carbide composite coating on a steel substrate was investigated. Two types of copper powders morphologies, namely dendritic and spherical, were mixed with crushed silicon carbide ceramic, and used as a feedstock. The powder mixtures were sprayed on the substrates and formed coatings with the designed surface topography—(i) flat and (ii) wavy. The microstructure of the coatings as well as the ceramic contents were analyzed. Initial tests proved that field emission from the Cu-SiC composite coatings was possible and depended mostly on the copper powder morphology. It was found out that the additional SiC layer deposited onto the composite coating significantly increased the number of electron emitters and thus improved the intensity of field emission. The Fowler–Nordheim model was used to find the threshold electric field, Eth, and coefficient of electric field amplification, β. These important properties of Cu/SiC + SiC coatings were found to be in the range of Eth = 20 to 24 V/µm and β = 340 to 410, respectively.

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“…One way to minimize the dimensions and weight of PEC, without affecting it's performance, is through semiconductor devices built with materials that allow a high-frequency commutation with small energy losses. At present, the semiconductor devices based on silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN) are widely used [7]- [11]. Some characteristics about the principal semiconductor devices are given in Table 1, including general-purpose diodes (GPD), high speed diodes (HSD), Schottky diodes (SD), TRIAC (Triode for Alternating Current) and different thyristor and transistors types as GTO (Gate Turn-Off Thyristor), MCT (MOS Controlled Thyristor), BJT (Bipolar Junction Transistor) and IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advanced Ferromagnetic Materials in Power Electronic Converters: A State of the Art

et al. 2020

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Currently, the design of power electronic converters (PECs) is in a stage which looks increasing its efficiency and reducing its dimensions from basic topologies through precise analysis of losses in each device that conforms. Although there have been important advances to improve the active components of PECs, passive components, particularly inductors, have changed very little since several decades ago, and those begin a limiting factor, when a high efficiency at very high power and switching frequency, are required. It is for the foregoing that this paper reviews new ferromagnetic materials to construct inductors and achieve a substantial increasing in efficiency through magnetic permeability and hysteresis improvements. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to position the reader in the state of the art of advanced ferromagnetic materials used in PECs. Details about how they are constructed and qualitative comparison of their dynamic behavior are provided. Also, estimation methods of energy losses, applications for different types of material, and its influence on the performance of some basic PECs are presented. INDEX TERMS Amorphous magnetic materials, magnetic materials, power conversion, soft magnetic materials.

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Power module electronics in HEV/EV applications: New trends in wide-bandgap semiconductor technologies and design aspects

Cited by 107 publications

References 151 publications

Mitigation of Common Mode Voltage Issues in Electric Vehicle Drive Systems by Means of an Alternative AC-Decoupling Power Converter Topology

Mitigation of Common Mode Voltage Issues in Electric Vehicle Drive Systems by Means of an Alternative AC-Decoupling Power Converter Topology

Field Electron Emission Experiments with Cold-Sprayed Cu-SiC Composite Coatings

Advanced Ferromagnetic Materials in Power Electronic Converters: A State of the Art

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