Power Management of a Hybrid Micro-Grid with Photovoltaic Production and Hydrogen Storage

Abstract

To deal with energy transition due to climate change and a rise in average global temperature, photovoltaic (PV) conversion appears to be a promising technology in sunny regions. However, PV production is directly linked with weather conditions and the day/night cycle, which makes it intermittent and random. Therefore, it makes sense to combine it with Energy Storage Systems (ESS) to ensure long-term energy availability for non-interconnected micro-grids. Among all technological solutions, electrolytic hydrogen produced by renewable energies seems an interesting candidate. In this context, this paper proposes a control strategy dedicated to hydrogen storage integration in micro-grids for a better use of PV production. The objective is to optimize the management of the micro-grid with proton exchange membrane Fuel Cell (FC), alkaline Electrolyzer (El), lithium-ion Batteries Energy Storage System (BESS) and PV, according to the system state and PV production intermittency. First, a control strategy based on a Distributed explicit Model Predictive Control (DeMPC) is developed to define current references for FCs, Els and batteries. Secondly, the performance of the control strategy is validated in simulation and confirmed on a Power-Hardware-in-the-Loop test bench.

Coordinated Control of Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzers and Alkaline Electrolyzers for a Wind-to-Hydrogen Islanded Microgrid

“…Kang and Duan utilized the characteristics of PEM electrolyzers to enhance the stability and efficiency of the photovoltaic hydrogen production system [26]. In [27], a power management system architecture to achieve voltage stability was designed for a DC microgrid consisting of PEM and ALK electrolyzers, ESS, and a photovoltaic system. There have been numerous studies aimed at maintaining the stability of W2H systems.…”

Optimal Sizing and Energy Management of Microgrids with Vehicle-to-Grid Technology: A Critical Review and Future Trends

“…An MG requires a smart and real-time adjustable management of its three main components. Consequently, an energy management system (EMS) is of paramount importance [10][11][12]. An EMS that is accurate and able to solve the MG's problems and providing the ideal solution regarding the energy dispatching between DERs, ESS and managing shiftable loads in critical situations.…”

Optimal Management of a Microgrid with Radiation and Wind-Speed Forecasting: A Case Study Applied to a Bioclimatic Building

“…K/bidi et al [10] presented power management of a hybrid microgrid combining solar photovoltaic energy with an ESS under hydrogen cell technology to ensure long-term energy availability for microgrids. Hydrogen cells seem to be an interesting candidate; the paper proposes a control strategy dedicated to the integration of hydrogen storage in microgrids for better utilization of photovoltaic production.…”

“…The main climatic variables that are used mostly in the generation of renewable energy are solar radiation and wind speed, since solar photovoltaic, thermal, and wind energy are among the most used in microgrids as renewable sources [16]. The use of solar and wind energy requires the forecast of solar radiation and wind speed in short time horizons (5,10,15,30, and 60 min) to be able to feedback to the controls at adequate times to respond to the uncertainties that this type of energy source can present. Forecast models can be built using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), neural networks, a Kalman Filter, or Double Exponential Smoothing (DES).…”