Power management and design optimization of fuel cell/battery hybrid vehicles

Abstract

Abstract-Power management strategy is as significant as component sizing in achieving optimal fuel economy of a fuel cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV). We have formulated a combined power management/design optimization problem for the performance optimization of FCHVs. This includes subsystem-scaling models to predict the characteristics of components of different sizes. In addition, we designed a parameterizable and near-optimal controller for power management optimization. This controller, which is inspired by our Stochastic Dynamic Programming results, can be included as design variables in system optimization problems. Simulation results demonstrate that combined optimization can efficiently provide excellent fuel economy. IntroductionPower management strategy and component sizing affect vehicle performance and fuel economy considerably in hybrid vehicles because of the multiple power sources and differences in their characteristics.Furthermore, these two important factors are coupled-different design of component sizing should come with different design of power management strategy. Therefore, to achieve maximum fuel economy for hybrid vehicles, optimal power management and component sizing should be determined as a combined package. Our research has formulated and solved a combined power management/design (i.e., control/plant) optimization problem of a fuel cell hybrid vehicle (FCHV).Development of the power management strategy is one of the important tasks in developing hybrid vehicles and relatively many literatures can be found. to determine an optimal power distribution for a fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid vehicle. The concept of equivalent factors in hybrid electric vehicles has been described by Sciarretta et al. [3]. In the same research, they also compared their power management result to deterministic dynamic programming result, which can lead to a global optimality. Another reference was published from Argonne National Laboratory [10], with an approach similar to [9]. In addition to component sizing optimization, Markel et al. [11] summarized design issues such as cost and volume in choosing types and sizes of the energy storage system for FCHVs.Research in the optimization of hybrid vehicles was predominately conducted independently for either component sizing or control strategy; in rare cases when the two were considered together, control strategies

Control of an Ultrahigh-Speed Centrifugal Compressor for the Air Management of Fuel Cell Systems

“…Several topology connections and control strategies have been developed to optimize the energy consumption [11][12][13][14][15]. The energy flow which is determined by the power management method is controlled by DC/DC converters.…”

A reference governor-based hierarchical control for failure mode power management of hybrid power systems for all-electric ships

“…We consider the discharge voltage limit in (13) instead of the actual battery voltage (V B ) to compute the current drawn from the battery. This is done for two reasons: First, to A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t formulate the capacity constraint as a linear constraint so that the top-level problem is a QP problem.…”

“…Existing literature ( [12,14] and references there-in) for the power management of fuel cell-battery hybrid systems consider both horizon based and instantaneous optimization methods. These include dynamic programming (DP) [12], stochastic dynamic programming (SDP) [13] and equivalent fuel consumption minimization (ECMS) [14]. While the "curse of dimensionality" makes DP impractical for realtime control, the lack of a transition probability function makes SDP and ECMS based methods unsuitable to attain the control objective considered in this work.…”

Optimal Rule-Based Power Management for Online, Real-Time Applications in HEVs with Multiple Sources and Objectives: A Review

“…The power split ratio between the battery and the fuel cell is obtained by sending the fuel cell net current required to the DC/DC converter. In [7], a supervisory controller is considered along with a combined power management and design optimization for a fuel cell hybrid vehicle. This controller sends the current request to DC/DC converters.…”