Power Grid Sensitivity Analysis of Geomagnetically Induced Currents

Overbye, Thomas J.; Shetye, Komal S.; Hutchins, Trevor R.; Qiu, Qun; Weber, Judy

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2013.2274624

Cited by 83 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The E-field induces (quasi-)dc voltages in the transmission lines, with GICs induced across the whole network and grounded through substation transformers. Hence, the GIC flow model is based on a dc network analysis for all the buses and substations; see e.g., [11], [15].…”

Section: Gic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GIC flow between any two connected nodes can be computed by [11] (6) which is also different from the Norton equivalent current injection in (3).…”

Section: B DC Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The QLoss at any transformer can be assumed to be linear in its effective GIC [11], as defined by (7) where and denote the per-phase transformer GIC flows, and is the transformer turns ratio. Specifically, as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Gic Effects On Transformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different from the three-phase GIC , the per-phase and need to be computed using the per-phase equivalent by substituting the conductance with in (6). Upon obtaining , the QLoss due to the transformer saturation in MVAR becomes [1], [11], [12] (8)…”

Section: Gic Effects On Transformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where the parameter can be found based on transformer characteristics and per unit bus voltage as detailed in [11].…”

Section: Gic Effects On Transformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blocking Device Placement for Mitigating the Effects of Geomagnetically Induced Currents

Zhu

Overbye

2015

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) can cause half cycle saturation of transformers and consequently affect the power grid with harmonics and reactive power losses. To effectively mitigate the negative GIC impacts in large-scale power systems, the present paper considers the problem of placing blocking devices in transformer neutrals. The placement problem of multiple blocking devices is first considered by analytically quantifying the associated reactive power losses. A linear sensitivity analysis is further provided for the case of blocking a single transformer, and it has been observed that the effects of blocking transformer neutral currents to be mostly local. This motivates us to propose the scheme that selects multiple substations to block all high voltage level transformers therein, based on a linearized approximation model. The effectiveness of such scheme has been demonstrated using both a 20-bus GIC test case and a realistically sized larger power system. Index Terms-Geomagnetically induced currents (GICs), power system analysis, dc current-blocking devices, optimal placement.

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Section: Gic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GIC flow between any two connected nodes can be computed by [11] (6) which is also different from the Norton equivalent current injection in (3).…”

Section: B DC Network Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gic Effects On Transformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Gic Effects On Transformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where the parameter can be found based on transformer characteristics and per unit bus voltage as detailed in [11].…”

Section: Gic Effects On Transformersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Blocking Device Placement for Mitigating the Effects of Geomagnetically Induced Currents

Zhu

Overbye

2015

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

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Mapping geoelectric fields during magnetic storms: Synthetic analysis of empirical United States impedances

Bedrosian

Love

2015

Geophysical Research Letters

116

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Empirical impedance tensors obtained from EarthScope magnetotelluric data at sites distributed across the midwestern United States are used to examine the feasibility of mapping magnetic storm induction of geoelectric fields. With these tensors, in order to isolate the effects of Earth conductivity structure, we perform a synthetic analysis—calculating geoelectric field variations induced by a geomagnetic field that is geographically uniform but varying sinusoidally with a chosen set of oscillation frequencies that are characteristic of magnetic storm variations. For north‐south oriented geomagnetic oscillations at a period of T0=100 s, induced geoelectric field vectors show substantial geographically distributed differences in amplitude (approximately a factor of 100), direction (up to 130∘), and phase (over a quarter wavelength). These differences are the result of three‐dimensional Earth conductivity structure, and they highlight a shortcoming of one‐dimensional conductivity models (and other synthetic models not derived from direct geophysical measurement) that are used in the evaluation of storm time geoelectric hazards for the electric power grid industry. A hypothetical extremely intense magnetic storm having 500 nT amplitude at T0=100 s would induce geoelectric fields with an average amplitude across the midwestern United States of about 2.71 V/km, but with a representative site‐to‐site range of 0.15 V/km to 16.77 V/km. Significant improvement in the evaluation of such hazards will require detailed knowledge of the Earth's interior three‐dimensional conductivity structure.

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Modeling Geomagnetically Induced Currents From Magnetometer Measurements: Spatial Scale Assessed With Reference Measurements

et al. 2017

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Solar‐driven disturbances generate geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) that can result in power grid instability and, in the most extreme cases, even failure. Magnetometers provide direct measurements of the geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) effect on the surface magnetic field and GIC response can be determined from the power grid topology and engineering parameters. This paper considers this chain of models: transforming surface magnetic field disturbance to induced surface electric field through an electromagnetic transfer function and, then, induced surface electric field to GIC using the PowerWorld simulator to model a realistic power grid topology. Comparisons are made to transformer neutral current reference measurements provided by the American Transmission Company. Three GMD intervals are studied, with the Kp index reaching 8− on 2 October 2013, 7 on 1 June 2013, and 6− on 9 October 2013. Ultimately, modeled to measured GIC correlations are analyzed as a function of magnetometer to GIC sensor distance. Results indicate that modeling fidelity during the three studied GMD intervals is strongly dependent on both magnetometer to substation transformer baseline distance and GMD intensity.

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Power Grid Sensitivity Analysis of Geomagnetically Induced Currents

Cited by 83 publications

References 21 publications

Blocking Device Placement for Mitigating the Effects of Geomagnetically Induced Currents

Blocking Device Placement for Mitigating the Effects of Geomagnetically Induced Currents

Mapping geoelectric fields during magnetic storms: Synthetic analysis of empirical United States impedances

Modeling Geomagnetically Induced Currents From Magnetometer Measurements: Spatial Scale Assessed With Reference Measurements

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