Power Grid Reliability Evaluation Considering Wind Farm Cyber Security and Ramping Events

Abstract

The cybersecurity of wind farms is an increasing concern in recent years, and its impacts on the power system reliability have not been fully studied. In this paper, the pressing issues of wind farms, including cybersecurity and wind power ramping events (WPRs) are incorporated into a new reliability evaluation approach. Cyber–physical failures like the instantaneous failure and longtime fatigue of wind turbines are considered in the reliability evaluation. The tripping attack is modeled in a bilevel optimal power flow model which aims to maximize the load shedding on the system’s vulnerable moment. The time-varying failure rate of wind turbine is approximated by Weibull distribution which incorporates the service time and remaining life of wind turbine. Various system defense capacities and penetration rates of wind power are simulated on the typical reliability test system. The comparative and sensitive analyses show that power system reliability is challenged by the cybersecurity of wind farms, especially when the installed capacity of wind power continues to rise. The timely patching of network vulnerabilities and the life management of wind turbines are important measures to ensure the cyber–physical security of wind farms.

Active Attack Detection and Control in Constrained Cyber-Physical Systems Under Prevented Actuation Attack

“…until it can no longer function; door lock attack [7] that suppresses the operation of a smart door by injecting 'close' command every time an 'open' command is received; and fatigue bearing attack [8] that restrains the operation of the lubricant system in wind turbines to damage gearboxess.…”