POWER for Reproductive Health: Results from a Social Marketing Campaign Promoting Female and Male Condoms

Bull, Sheana; Posner, Samuel F.; Ortiz, Charlene; Beaty, Brenda; Benton, Kathryn; Lin, Lillian S.; Pals, Sherri; Evans, Tom

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2007.12.009

Cited by 28 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…23 Many used time series cross-sectional study designs, some with comparison or control groups, 9,10,16 and others without. 8,12,13,19,21 Four used an RCT design, 7,14,15,18 two were retrospective cohort studies, 17,20 one was a longitudinal cohort study, 11 and two used pre–post designs. 22,23 Nine studies were classified as high risk of bias, because of aspects of their study design and data collection procedures, and seven were classified as moderate risk.…”

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Six studies 8,10–12,14,15 assessed community education's effects on knowledge and awareness of contraception. Four of these studies 8,10–12 combined mass media with other forms of print media and demonstrated increased awareness of EC.…”

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two additional studies 14,15 that focused primarily on small print media added limited or no additional support for improvements in knowledge/awareness in the context of condom promotion. First, in the study 15 of the direct mailing about condoms to young men, knowledge scores were slightly higher among the men who received the mailing, compared with those who did not (83% vs 80%, p <0.01), though 64% of those in the intervention group who read the pamphlet reported learning something from it.…”

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, in the study 15 of the direct mailing about condoms to young men, knowledge scores were slightly higher among the men who received the mailing, compared with those who did not (83% vs 80%, p <0.01), though 64% of those in the intervention group who read the pamphlet reported learning something from it. Bull et al 14 used a neighborhood-level randomized trial to test a campaign involving local print media (e.g., posters) and vouchers for free condoms and reported no evidence of improvement in knowledge following the campaign.…”

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Facilitators included, for example, having a nurse serve as the community outreach educator, which made clinical expertise more widely available and immediate, and having relationships with a wide variety of local organizations that serve young people. 19 Other studies highlighted the importance of community advisory groups or other partners to help guide the intervention and even share the costs, 9,12,14,21 as well as discounted or pro bono assistance for marketing from advertising agencies and media outlets. 13,14,21 Three 8,15,22 highlighted the relatively low cost of their interventions as advantages.…”

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Community Education for Family Planning in the U.S.

Carter¹,

Tregear²,

Moskosky³

2015

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Context Community education may involve activities that seek to raise awareness and promote behavior change, using mass media, social media, and other media or interpersonal methods in community settings. This systematic review evaluated the evidence of the effects of community education on select short- and medium-term family planning outcomes. Evidence acquisition Using an analytic approach drawn from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, multiple databases were searched for articles published from January 1985 through February 2011 describing studies of community education related to family planning in the U.S. Included articles were reviewed and assessed for potential bias using a standardized process in 2011. An updated, targeted review for the 2011–2014 period was conducted in early 2015. Evidence synthesis Seventeen papers were identified. Most (nine) related to mass media interventions; three involved targeted print media, two involved text messaging or e-mail, two described outcome workers conducting community education, and one involved community theater. Study designs, strength of evidence, and levels of possible bias varied widely. Twelve of 15 studies that addressed outcomes such as increased awareness found positive associations with those outcomes, with six also reporting null findings. Seven of eight studies that addressed use of services reported positive associations, with two also reporting null findings. The targeted, additional review identified two other studies. Conclusions Evidence related to community education for family planning purposes is limited and highly variable. As goals of community education are usually limited to shorter-term outcomes, the evidence suggests that a range of approaches may be effective.

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Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Community Education for Family Planning in the U.S.

Carter¹,

Tregear²,

Moskosky³

2015

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Interventions for encouraging sexual behaviours intended to prevent cervical cancer

Shepherd

Frampton

Harris

2011

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

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Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the key risk factor for cervical cancer. Continuing high rates of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in young people demonstrate the need for effective behavioural interventions. Objectives To assess the effectiveness of behavioural interventions for young women to encourage safer sexual behaviours to prevent transmission of STIs (including HPV) and cervical cancer. Search methods Systematic literature searches were performed on the following databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL Issue 4, 2009) Cochrane Gynaecological Cancer Review Group (CGCRG) Specialised Register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, Social Science Citation Index and Trials Register of Promoting Health Interventions (TRoPHI) up to the end of 2009. All references were screened for inclusion against selection criteria. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of behavioural interventions for young women up to the age of 25 years that included, amongst other things, information provision about the transmission and prevention of STIs. Trials had to measure behavioural outcomes (e.g. condom use) and/or biological outcomes (e.g. incidence of STIs, cervical cancer). Data collection and analysis A narrative synthesis was conducted. Meta-analysis was not considered appropriate due to heterogeneity between the interventions and trial populations. Main results A total of 5271 references were screened and of these 23 RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Most were conducted in the USA and in health-care clinics (e.g. family planning). The majority of interventions provided information about STIs and taught safer sex skills (e.g. communication), occasionally supplemented with provision of resources (e.g. free sexual health services). They were heterogeneous in duration, contact time, provider, behavioural aims and outcomes. A variety of STIs were addressed including HIV and chlamydia. None of the trials explicitly mentioned HPV or cervical cancer prevention. Statistically significant effects for behavioural outcomes (e.g. increasing condom use) were common, though not universal and varied according to the type of outcome. There were no statistically significant effects of abstaining from or reducing sexual activity. There were few statistically significant effects on biological (STI) outcomes. Considerable uncertainty exists in the risk of bias due to incomplete or ambiguous reporting. Authors’ conclusions Behavioural interventions for young women which aim to promote sexual behaviours protective of STI transmission can be effective, primarily at encouraging condom use. Future evaluations should include a greater focus on HPV and its link to cervical cancer, with long-term follow-up to assess impact on behaviour change, rates of HPV infection and progression to cervical cancer. Studies should use an RCT design where possible with integral process evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis where appropriate. Given the predominance of USA studies in t...

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Effects of Social Marketing

Basil¹

2012

The International Encyclopedia of Media Studies

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Many efforts to improve people's health behaviors have employed communication campaigns. A related approach, but more extensive, termed “social marketing,” applies commercial marketing methods to health and other social goals by trying to shape people's behaviors through facilitation and reward. Social marketing is limited by existing beliefs, social forces and other structural factors, and to the extent that we cannot develop viable products or solutions, it cannot really be employed.

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POWER for Reproductive Health: Results from a Social Marketing Campaign Promoting Female and Male Condoms

Cited by 28 publications

References 19 publications

Community Education for Family Planning in the U.S.

Community Education for Family Planning in the U.S.

Interventions for encouraging sexual behaviours intended to prevent cervical cancer

Effects of Social Marketing

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