Power Doppler sonography: basic principles and clinical applications in children

Babcock, Diane S.; Patriquin, H; Lafortune, M; Dauzat, M.

doi:10.1007/bf01372087

Cited by 89 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 4 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…In addition, our study is the ®rst to report the existence of blood¯ow in the artery and the ®rst to document the timing of its disappearance. The recent advent of the new colour Doppler sonographic technique, that encodes the power rather than the velocity and direction of the Doppler ultrasound signal, has the potential to detect slow¯ow in parts of the body where the signal is weak (Rubin and Adler, 1993;Babcock et al, 1996). The primary HA is a perfect model for evaluating¯ow in a tiny vessel with slow¯ow velocity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As blood¯ow even in small vessels can be displayed now by new power Doppler ultrasound machines (Rubin and Adler, 1993;Babcock et al, 1996) in the present study we endeavoured to: (1) determine the presence of blood¯ow in the HA; (2) establish a timetable of embryonic regression of the HA; and (3) establish norms for axial growth of the fetal eye from early stages of gestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Axial growth of the fetal eye and evaluation of the hyaloid artery:in utero ultrasonographic study

2000

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Axial growth of the fetal eye and evaluation of the hyaloid artery:in utero ultrasonographic study

2000

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“…The diameter of the blood vessel influences the strength of the power-Doppler signal and a wall filter reduces colour signals from wall motion [41]. Power-Doppler US is three times as sensitive to blood flow as colourDoppler US [42]. Its advantages include the ability to image tortuous or tiny vessels and vessels with very low-velocity blood flow better than colour-Doppler US.…”

Section: Power-doppler Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasound of the hollow gastrointestinal tract in children

Sj¹

1997

European Radiology

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IntroductionChildren are generally very suitable subjects for ultrasound (US) examinations. US is often the first investigation performed for suspected abdominal or pelvic pathology. It may precede radiographic examination and has many advantages. It is non-invasive, does not use ionising radiation and can be performed quickly and portably, if necessary. It is generally well tolerated by babies and children. Increasingly in paediatric practice US is used for investigating suspected disease of the hollow gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Improvements in US equipment, particularly the development of high-frequency linear-array transducers, have led to better visualisation of the GI tract by US. It is now possible to examine the bowel with transabdominal or transperineal US from the gastro-oesophageal junction to the rectum.Ultrasound, like other cross-sectional imaging techniques, primarily provides information about the bowel wall and masses related to the gut. Contrast studies and endoscopy are superior examinations for assessing the mucosa or lumen. However, unlike CT or MRI, US is also able to assess bowel motion. This may be particularly important in some paediatric GI conditions such as idiopathic hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, congenital gut dysmotility and Hirschprung's disease.The purpose of this review is to examine the current use of US of the hollow GI tract in children. Paediatric applications of newer developments in bowel US, such as endoscopic US and power-Doppler scanning, are also discussed. Normal bowelAll bowel has a similar wall composition comprising five concentric layers. These are the mucosa, deep mucosa, submucosa, muscularis propria (inner circular and outer longitudinal fibres) and the serosa or adventitia. Bowel wall constituents are visible on good-quality transabdominal US scans using high-frequency linear-array transducers.In adult patients high-quality images of bowel wall composition have been produced using endoscopic US [1]. It is possible to define the five layers of the bowel wall with this technique using frequencies of 7.5 and 12 MHz (Fig. 1). Transabdominal paediatric bowel US does not usually produce such clear internal detail of the gut wall (Fig. 2).There are no data in the literature on the normal range of US measurements of bowel wall thickness for children. Wall thickness is known to change with peristalsis. Published US measurements for bowel wall thickness in adults date from the early 1980's and are 3 and 5 mm for relaxed and contracted bowel, respectively [2]. Data are lacking on gut wall measurements in healthy children with modern US equipment. A recent study suggested that normal relaxed colon wall in children and adults was less than 0.8 mm thick [3]. TechniqueWe use 5-to 7-MHz curvilinear-array and 10.5-MHz linear-array transducers for paediatric bowel US. It is generally possible to use higher frequency US than in adult practice. These allow a study of both deep and superficial bowel loops. Fluid in bowel can facilitate the US examination. For example, administrat...

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“…Modern techniques, such as extended fieldof-view sonography, harmonic imaging, m-mode US, or high-resolution transducers, or unconventional approaches, such as transperineal US, have further enlarged sonographic potential in this field [2,3,4]. Color and duplex Doppler sonography (CDS, DDS) have broadened applications to evaluation of vascular anatomy and renal perfusion [5,6,7]. Echo-enhancing agents helped to improve the sonographic potential in evaluating vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR), renal vascular disease, and perfusional disturbances as well as differential diagnosis (DD) of complicated renal cysts or tumors [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Potential applications of three-dimensional ultrasound in the pediatric urinary tract: pictorial demonstration based on preliminary results

2003

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The aim of this study was to describe the potential of three-dimensional ultrasound (3DUS) in the urinary tract of neonates, infants, and children. The potential applications are illustrated based on our experience in 80 patients using two different 3DUS techniques. Various disease entities throughout the neonatal and pediatric age have been evaluated. The potential of 3DUS is discussed based on comparison with conventional 2DUS or other imaging (as clinically indicated), focused on the potentially improved renal parenchymal volume assessment. In our experience, 3DUS is feasible in neonates, infants, and children without sedation. It reduces imaging time, improves demonstration of complex anatomy and allows for evaluation of anatomy/pathology in any plane. The 3DUS improves volume assessment and follow-up comparison by offering an improved standardization and documentation. Rendered views of the dilated collecting system enable a comprehensive demonstration of hydronephrosis similar to intravenous urography or MR urography images. Additionally, 3DUS offers an ideal tool for training and education. Yet, limitations have to be acknowledged: areas inaccessible for 2DUS; poor quality of the original 2DUS acquisition; limited resolution; patient motion and breathing; cardiac pulsation creating artifacts and misregistration; equipment cost; lack of 3D DICOM standards creating problems with data storage; as well as system-inherent technical limitations. Nevertheless, the 3DUS holds the potential to become a valuable additional imaging tool for sonographic evaluation of the pediatric urinary tract.

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Power Doppler sonography: basic principles and clinical applications in children

Cited by 89 publications

References 4 publications

Axial growth of the fetal eye and evaluation of the hyaloid artery:in utero ultrasonographic study

Axial growth of the fetal eye and evaluation of the hyaloid artery:in utero ultrasonographic study

Ultrasound of the hollow gastrointestinal tract in children

Potential applications of three-dimensional ultrasound in the pediatric urinary tract: pictorial demonstration based on preliminary results

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