Power Distribution Systems’ Vulnerability by Regions Caused by Electrical Discharges

Abstract

Energy supply interruptions or blackouts caused by faults in power distribution feeders entail several damages to power utilities and consumer units: financial losses, damage to power distribution reliability, power quality deterioration, etc. Most studies in the specialized literature concerning faults in power distribution systems present methodologies for detecting, classifying, and locating faults after their occurrence. In contrast, the main aim of this study is to prevent faults by estimating the city regions whose power grid is most vulnerable to them. In this sense, this work incorporates a geographical-space study via a spatial data analysis using the local variable electrical discharge density that can increase fault risks. A geographically weighted spatial analysis is applied to data aggregated by regions to produce thematic maps with the city regions whose feeders are more vulnerable to failures. The spatial data analysis is implemented in QGIS and R programming environments. It is applied to the real data of faults in distribution power grid transformers and electrical discharges in a medium-sized city with approximately 200,000 inhabitants. In this study, we highlight a moderate positive correlation between electrical discharge density and the percentage of faults in transformers by regions in the central and western areas of the city under study.

Estimation of Vulnerable Areas to Faults Caused by Tree Vegetation in Power Distribution Systems

“…A branch of SDA with data aggregated by area allows the use of public information from the demographic census. They are grouped into small areas named CTs, whose area is a function of their population density; CTs with greater-density populations have smaller areas, and vice versa [4].…”

“…ESIs are associated with multiple factors such as (i) tree vegetation close to the overhead utility grid, (ii) adverse weather conditions (wind gusts, snow, storms, electrical discharges), (iii) damaged equipment (missing maintenance, obsolescence, or manufacturing defect), (iv) animals as birds and insects, (v) vehicle collision, (vi) overload on utility grid; (vii) clandestine connection or vandalism, (viii) human failures, (ix) protective equipment acting, and (x) kites [4].…”