Power Density in Theta/Alpha Frequencies of the Waking EEG Progressively Increases During Sustained Wakefulness

Cajochen, Christian; Brunner, Daniel P.; Kräuchi, Kurt; Graw, Peter; Wirz‐Justice, Anna

doi:10.1093/sleep/18.10.890

Cited by 294 publications

(207 citation statements)

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“…Recent studies have indicated that an EEG correlate of sleep propensity can also be measured during wakefulness. Power in the theta band ( ‫ف‬ 5-8 Hz) of the wake EEG increases during sleep deprivation (Cajochen et al 1995;Aeschbach et al 1997;Finelli et al 2000). The time constant of this increase is similar to that obtained for the wake-dependent rise of delta power as measured in non-REM sleep.…”

supporting

confidence: 78%

“…A significant association between enhanced power in the theta band and subjective sleepiness or drowsiness is present in healthy subjects (Makeig and Jung 1996;Cajochen et al 1999b;Finelli et al 2000). Furthermore, the changes in the wake EEG during phenelzine treatment were reminiscent of those associated with increased sleepiness after melatonin administration (Cajochen et al 1996) and sleep deprivation (Cajochen et al 1995), or the differences in the waking EEG between habitual short and long sleepers (Aeschbach et al 2001). It is interesting to note that other MAOI have been shown to increase plasma melatonin levels during day and night in psychiatric patients (Murphy et al 1986;Van Vliet et al 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Different Effects of Phenelzine Treatment on EEG Topography in Waking and Sleep in Depressed Patients

Landolt

Gillin

2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

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A novel approach to investigate the relationship between depression and changes in sleep-wake regulatory mechanisms used the monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) phenelzine that is known to suppress rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep. Sleep architecture and EEG topography during wakefulness and sleep were studied in eight depressed patients before and after five weeks of treatment with phenelzine (30-90 mg/day), which induced a significant alleviation of depressive symptoms. Theta power (4.75-7.5 Hz) during a 5-min wake EEG prior to sleep increased two-fold during administration of phenelzine. REM sleep was almost completely eliminated. This latter effect was compensated by increased duration of stage 2, whereas total sleep time was not shortened. In non-REM sleep (stages 2, 3, and 4), treatment slightly reduced EEG power between 2. Hz band increased. Activity in the delta band Mood and the regulation of sleep are closely related. This notion is supported by the presence of frequent sleep abnormalities in depressed patients, which may affect both rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and nonrapid-eye-movement (non-REM) sleep (Benca et al. 1992). A tight association between sleep and mood is further suggested by the beneficial action of total and partial sleep deprivation, as well as phase advance therapies of sleep in many patients with depression (Gillin and Borbély 1985; Wirz-Justice and Van den Hoofdakker 1999). Different theories have been proposed to account for the antidepressant effects of sleep manipulations. They include prolonged major suppression of REM sleep (Vogel 1975;Vogel et al. 1990), elevation of sleep propensity (Borbély and Wirz-Justice 1982), and reduction of non-REM sleep intensity (Beersma and Van den Hoofdakker 1992).The timing of sleep and wakefulness and the structure of sleep are regulated by the interaction of a homeostatic, sleep-wake-dependent process S and the circadian pacemaker located in the hypothalamus et al. 1981;Daan et al. 1984;Dijk et al. 1987;Achermann et al. 1993). Recent studies have indicated that an EEG correlate of sleep propensity can also be measured during wakefulness. Power in the theta band ( ‫ف‬ 5-8 Hz) of the wake EEG increases during sleep deprivation (Cajochen et al. 1995;Aeschbach et al. 1997;Finelli et al. 2000). The time constant of this increase is similar to that obtained for the wake-dependent rise of delta power as measured in non-REM sleep. Furthermore, topographical analyses of the EEG during prolonged wakefulness have shown that the increase of theta activity in waking and delta activity ( ‫ف‬ 1-4 Hz) in non-REM sleep are largest in frontal EEG derivations and positively correlated (Werth et al. 1998;Cajochen et al. 1999aCajochen et al. , 1999bFinelli et al. 2000). These findings suggest that sleep regulation may exhibit local features. In other words, frontal parts of the cortex may be particularly susceptible to sleep loss and reflect the homeostatic process of sleep regulation more sensitively than other cortical regions. The monoamine oxidase inhibitor...

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confidence: 78%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Different Effects of Phenelzine Treatment on EEG Topography in Waking and Sleep in Depressed Patients

Landolt

Gillin

2002

Neuropsychopharmacology

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“…These features are also seen with sleep deprivation. During and following sleep deprivation there is a progressive increase in absolute power and in relative theta and delta power in the EEG background, accompanied by an increase in slow eye movements, and correlated with subjective sleepiness (Caldwell, 2002;Cajochen et al, 1995;Lorenzo, 1995;Smith, 2002;Torsvall and Akerstedt, 1988b). This EEG slowing gradually increases until the sleep deprived subject dozes off (Torsvall and Akerstedt, 1988b).…”

Section: Electrophysiological Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement

Oken

Salinsky

Elsas

2006

Clinical Neurophysiology

634

417

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Vigilance is a term with varied definitions but the most common usage is sustained attention or tonic alertness. This usage of vigilance implies both the degree of arousal on the sleep-wake axis and the level of cognitive performance. There are many interacting neural and neurotransmitter systems that affect vigilance. Most studies of vigilance have relied on states where the sleep-wake state is altered, e.g. drowsiness, sleep-deprivation, and CNS-active drugs, but there are factors ranging from psychophysics to motivation that may impact vigilance. While EEG is the most commonly studied physiologic measure of vigilance, various measures of eye movement and of autonomic nervous system activity have also been used. This review paper discusses the underlying neural basis of vigilance and its assessment using physiologic tools. Since, assessment of vigilance requires assessment of cognitive function this aspect is also discussed.

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“…Thus, alertness is a construct associated with high levels of environ mental awareness, which can be operationalized through many converging measurements, including subjective responses, behavior, and brain activity (Buysse et al, 2003). Alertness is associated with self-reported high levels of wakefulness and low levels of fatigue, short response times, fast and more accurate cognitive perfor mance, and lowerlevels of theta activity (4.75-7.75 Hz) in the electroencephalo gram (EEG), particularly in the frontal cortex (Badia et al, 1991;Cajochen et al, 1995Cajochen et al, , 1999aDaurat et al, 2000). Subjective perception of alertness heavily depends on time-of-day, to the extent that the circadian modulation of alertness has a strikingly similar temporal association with the circadian rhythm of core body temperature (CBT) with its maximum in the evening and nadir in the early morning (see also Section III; Kleitman, 1987).…”

Section: A Light Switches On the Clock And The Hourglassmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Keeps Us Awake?—the Role of Clocks and Hourglasses, Light, and Melatonin

Cajochen

Chellappa

Schmidt

2010

International Review of Neurobiology

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Power Density in Theta/Alpha Frequencies of the Waking EEG Progressively Increases During Sustained Wakefulness

Cited by 294 publications

References 0 publications

Different Effects of Phenelzine Treatment on EEG Topography in Waking and Sleep in Depressed Patients

Different Effects of Phenelzine Treatment on EEG Topography in Waking and Sleep in Depressed Patients

Vigilance, alertness, or sustained attention: physiological basis and measurement

What Keeps Us Awake?—the Role of Clocks and Hourglasses, Light, and Melatonin

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