Power density effect on the laser beam-induced eruption of spatters in fiber laser keyhole welding

Zou, Jianglin; Zhu, Baoqi; Zhang, Gaolei; Guo, Shihui; Xiao, Rongshi

doi:10.1016/j.optlastec.2021.107651

Cited by 18 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…It is reported that laser beam wobbling can agitate the melt flow within the molten pool, and avoid excessive evaporation on the edge of base metal such that a more stable welding process is obtained [9, 19]. Compared to a larger laser spot and a negative defocusing condition used in static spot laser welding, the stronger plasma recoil pressure from a smaller laser spot during wobble laser welding can lead to a more stable keyhole [23]. Therefore, the formation of spatter was suppressed in the wobble laser condition.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The welds with a static laser spot had rough surfaces with abundant spatter and undercut defects, as shown in Figure 2(a, b, f and g). With a defocused distance of −6 mm, a larger focused laser spot size resulted in a weaker plasma recoil pressure and a less stable keyhole [23], which led to more spatter formation. In contrast, all the wobble laser-welded beads had smooth top surfaces with almost no spatter or undercut.…”

Section: Weld Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of beam wobbling on microstructure and hardness during laser welding of X70 pipeline steel

Yang

Chen

Huda

et al. 2022

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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Laser welding with beam wobbling was employed to weld X70 pipeline steel. The influence of beam wobbling on weld surface morphology, fusion zone microstructure, and microhardness was investigated. The formation of spatter was suppressed by beam wobbling using a beam with higher energy density. At a welding speed of 1.0 m min −1 , the weld metal produced with a circular laser wobble pattern contained more martensite but less ferrite, compared to that of static spot welded joint. The presence of more martensite led to the increase in fusion zone hardness. A softened region was found in the inter-critical heat-affected zone. The hardness of the softened region could be improved by increasing the welding speed (from 1.0 to 1.5 m min −1 ).

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Weld Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of beam wobbling on microstructure and hardness during laser welding of X70 pipeline steel

Yang

Chen

Huda

et al. 2022

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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“…According to Zou et. al [15], the higher the power density applied in the process, the greater the amount of spatter, due to the increase in vapor induced by the laser in the keyhole and the reduction in surface tension in the weld pool. One hypothesis proposed by the author is that due to the high energy deposited in the material in a short period, the material does not have the capacity to conduct and diffuse this heat, with this limitation generating instabilities and splashes along the bead.…”

Section: Macrography and Visual Evaluation Of The Weld Beadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Parameters Impact on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ASTM A36 Steel Laser Welding

Fissmer,

Dreveck,

Filho

et al. 2023

Preprint

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In recent years there have been advances in the development of processes for obtaining and building steel and metal alloys. These developments require an increasingly deeper and more detailed understanding of the phenomena that involve phase transformations, arising from the processing of obtaining, forming, welding and application of these materials. At the same time, the evolution of laser welding technologies is making these processes increasingly attractive for industrial applications. In this context, this work proposes to study the effect of different combinations of parameters on the visual, mechanical and microstructural characteristics of the laser welding beads. To evaluate the influence of process parameters, 8 combinations of speed and power were used, keeping the heat input constant, in the welding of ASTM A36 steel. The study aims to compare the influence of the variation of these parameters in the weld region and its relationship with the mechanical properties, considering that, despite the constant heat input, there is still a variation in the power density and the interaction time. The results indicate that the material used has a wide processing window, since the tensile tests, microhardness and metallographic analyzes showed similar results in the range of evaluated parameters. Samples welded with powers between 2 kW and 8 kW showed good mechanical performance, but an increase in process instability was observed, with an increase in power density and a reduction in the interaction time.

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“…The volume fraction of porosity was measured by imaging analysis on several cross-sections of the material and was determined to be 0.6 vol.%. Residual porosity is an intrinsic property of materials produced by SLM and can result from several phenomena such as (i) gas entrapped in the powder during SLM; (ii) local superheating and evaporation of the alloy due to high laser power density; (iii) local imperfect melting and bonding of powder particles due to insufficient laser power density and other factors [10,36,[45][46][47][48][49][50]. In our case, the volume of residual porosity is very low, indicating that the laser beam parameters in the SLM process were selected and controlled properly.…”

Section: Microstructure and Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodegradable WE43 Magnesium Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting: Mechanical Properties, Corrosion Behavior, and In-Vitro Cytotoxicity

Lovašiová

Lovaši

Kubásek

et al. 2022

Metals

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In this work, selective laser melting (SLM) technology was used to prepare Mg-4Y-3Nd-Zr (WE43) alloy. This alloy and production method are promising for the design of biodegradable implants. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition, microstructure, mechanical properties, corrosion behavior in simulated body fluid (SBF), and cytotoxicity of the alloy produced by SLM method and to compare it with conventionally gravity cast reference alloy. Analysis of the surface of the revealed an oxygen content of 7 wt.%. Undesirable unmelted and only partially adhered spherical particles of the starting powder were also found. The microstructure of the material was very fine and consisted of α-Mg dendritic matrix, β-Mg41(Nd, Y)5 intermetallic phase, Y2O3 inclusions, and 0.6 vol.% of residual porosity. The Vickers hardness, compressive yield strength, compressive strength, and maximum compressive strain were 88 HV0.1, 201 MPa, 394 MPa, and 14%, respectively, which are close to the reference values in as-cast. The in vitro corrosion rates determined by immersion and potentiodynamic tests were 2.6 mm/year and 1.3 mm/year, respectively. Cytotoxicity tests indicated good biocompatibility of the 3D-printed alloy.

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Power density effect on the laser beam-induced eruption of spatters in fiber laser keyhole welding

Cited by 18 publications

References 35 publications

Effect of beam wobbling on microstructure and hardness during laser welding of X70 pipeline steel

Effect of beam wobbling on microstructure and hardness during laser welding of X70 pipeline steel

Processing Parameters Impact on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of ASTM A36 Steel Laser Welding

Biodegradable WE43 Magnesium Alloy Produced by Selective Laser Melting: Mechanical Properties, Corrosion Behavior, and In-Vitro Cytotoxicity

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