Power converters analysis in a renewable energy based hybrid system with hydrogen storage

Abstract

This paper presents a hybrid system including a photovoltaic array, a wind turbine, electrolyzers, fuel cells and hydrogen storage tanks, in order to reliably supply a radio base station in isolated locations, where to make a grid connection might be quite expensive. The intermittent and variable energy produced by those different elements must be conditioned in order to fulfil the load demand and requirements. Power converters assume that purpose and their behaviour under different operating situations is simulated to demonstrate how effective they are, even when the generation conditions are intermittent and apparently not reliable

Faraday’s Efficiency Modeling of a Proton Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer Based on Experimental Data

“…Conversely, based on the work carried out by Ulleberg in [16], many authors have employed this following expression to determine the Faraday's efficiency at a given temperature (40 • C) [18][19][20][21][22][23][24]:…”

“…Nevertheless, they have not developed a model to assess Faraday's efficiency. Based on the first works introduced in [15,16], Faraday's efficiency has been reported in several works for modeling purposes both for alkaline and PEM electrolyzers [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. Nonetheless, this model is only valid for alkaline electrolyzers and cannot be employed to the PEM electrolyzer because of their different materials used for their manufacturing (e.g., membrane).…”

Development of a power converter to improve CO tolerance in proton exchange membrane fuel cells

“…An improved current pulsing scheme can be devised by analysing (5) and (6); which describe the amounts of hydrogen and air required for a 50 cm 2 PEM to supply a given output current.…”

“…Fuel cells process hydrogen to produce electricity generating as byproducts only water vapour and waste heat. Among the several types of fuel cells that are available in the market today the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is gaining wide acceptance for residential and transportation applications, this mainly due to its low operating temperature and simplicity [1][2][3][4][5][6]. However, one of the main issues associated with the use of PEM stacks is related to the availability of hydrogen fuel, which oftentimes has to be obtained from fuels with high hydrogen contents such as natural gas through a reforming process.…”