Power control in the photonic domain based on integrated arrays of optical variable attenuators in glass-on-silicon technology

Lenzi, M.; Tebaldini, S.; Mola, D. Di; Brunazzi, S.; Cibinetto, L.

doi:10.1109/2944.806754

Cited by 22 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The results suggest that the DPDL of a regular MZI couplerbased VOA is about 1.2 dB for an attenuation of Ϫ15 dB and 4 dB for an attenuation of Ϫ23 dB, and thus is much greater than 0.5 dB, which is an acceptable value for telecommunication applications [11]. Trenches, which are usually used to reduce the power consumption of a device, were found to be effective in reducing the PDL significantly.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Dynamic polarization‐dependent loss (DPDL) of planar‐waveguide‐based variable optical attenuators (VOAs)

Zhang

Xiao

Grover

2004

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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We analyze the dynamic polarization‐dependent loss (DPDL) of planar‐waveguide‐based variable optical attenuators (VOAs). Our studies show that thermal stress is introduced in waveguides when heat is applied to achieve optical attenuation of Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) coupler‐based VOAs made of silica, thus resulting in an unacceptable DPDL for such devices. The stress and its associated DPDL can be reduced significantly if two trenches are created along the waveguides. The DPDL can be further reduced to a negligible level by adopting a new VOA design based on straight waveguides and a silica–polymer hybrid structure. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 43: 498–501, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.20514

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For silica, C is equal to 4 ϫ 10 Ϫ6 MPa Ϫ1 [10]. As a result, a difference in birefringence is created between heated and unheated waveguides, thus resulting in a polarizationdependent optical loss (DPDL) in the VOAs during attenuation, as can be calculated from [11,12]:…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic polarization‐dependent loss (DPDL) of planar‐waveguide‐based variable optical attenuators (VOAs)

Zhang

Xiao

Grover

2004

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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“…As a consequence, the measurement time is considerably reduced. In the former technique (nonredundant NF interpolation plus classical NF-FF transformation), the NF data required by the standard probe-compensated NF-FF transformation with cylindrical scanning [3] are efficiently recovered via an optimal sampling interpolation (OSI) algorithm from the knowledge of a nonredundant number of samples. In the latter (direct nonredundant NF-FF transformation), the antenna far-field is directly evaluated from the nonredundant NF data without interpolating them.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the development of VOA using a planar lightwave circuit (PLC) was proposed [3][4][5][6]. It can be integrated with an AWG or OADM device for a valuable monolithic optical module with low cost and compact size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymer‐based S‐shaped waveguide VOA for applications in the broadband DWDM network

Guo

Wang

et al. 2003

Micro & Optical Tech Letters

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“…Variable optical attenuators, or VOAs, are required for the reduction of crosstalk in switching networks [1], the moderation of power fluctuations {2], and the equalization of channel power levels in wavelength multiplexed systems [2]. Several technologies have been utilized to demonstrate efficient VOAs, and they can be separated into two major categories: Those technologies that are adequate for free-space communications, and those devices applicable to photonic integrated circuits (PICs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Variable optical attenuator using active multimode interference waveguide</title>

et al. 2004

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We propose a new structure for an integrated variable optical attenuator using InGaAsP multiple quantum wells. The principle of operation relies on the self-imaging properties of multimode interference (MMI) waveguides. The device consists ofa MMI region that is 12 tm wide by 350 tm long, with input and output waveguides that are 2 im wide. The dimensions ofthe MMI are calculated such that an image ofthe input field is produced at the output waveguide. The last statement is true as long as the phase relation between the modes in the MMI section is kept constant. Therefore, by selectively perturbing the refractive index within the MMI section, the phase relation of the modes is altered, thereby modifying the interference properties at the output of the device. We present numerical simulations using the FiniteDifference Beam Propagation Method (FD-BPM), and demonstrate that optical attenuation is possible by selectively modulating the refractive index of a narrow region within the MMI section. A dynamic range of -37 dB can be easily obtained at a wavelength of 1.55 tm with a device insertion loss of 0.3 dB. The effects of electro-absorption on the device performance are also investigated.

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Power control in the photonic domain based on integrated arrays of optical variable attenuators in glass-on-silicon technology

Cited by 22 publications

References 3 publications

Dynamic polarization‐dependent loss (DPDL) of planar‐waveguide‐based variable optical attenuators (VOAs)

Dynamic polarization‐dependent loss (DPDL) of planar‐waveguide‐based variable optical attenuators (VOAs)

Polymer‐based S‐shaped waveguide VOA for applications in the broadband DWDM network

<title>Variable optical attenuator using active multimode interference waveguide</title>

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