“…Combining with thermodynamics, heat transfer, and fluid mechanics, finite-time thermodynamics (FTT) has been widely applied in the performance analyses and optimizations of various heat engines (HEs), refrigerators and heat pump cycles, and many meaningful results have been obtained. At present, FTT is an important part of modern thermodynamics [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 ].…”