Power and Social Ranking at the End of the Formative Period

Makowski, Krzysztof

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-0639-3_4

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This material corresponds to the Miramar phases described by Patterson (1966; see also Earle, 1972;Có rdova Conza, 2003), and dates to ca. 100 BC-AD 100, near the beginning of the Early Intermediate period (Stothert, 1980;Delgado, 1992;Makowski, 2002). The absence of ceramic ware bearing the interlocking designs of the developed Lima culture suggests that the cemetery was abandoned by the later half of the Early Intermediate period.…”

Section: Villa El Salvador Xii: An Early Intermediate Period Cemeterymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The absence of ceramic ware bearing the interlocking designs of the developed Lima culture suggests that the cemetery was abandoned by the later half of the Early Intermediate period. Thus, the skeletal sample from Villa El Salvador XII pertains to a crucial period of sociopolitical restructuring, when the apparent end of highland linkages that accompanied the decline of Chavín influence was followed by regional diversification and the rapid rise of new polities on the Peruvian coast (Makowski, 2002). This time frame was marked by general population dispersal in the region and the formation of independent polities in each valley, perhaps as an outgrowth of irrigation management (Patterson, 1966;Earle, 1972).…”

Section: Villa El Salvador Xii: An Early Intermediate Period Cemeterymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dimensions of health and social structure in the early intermediate period cemetery at Villa El Salvador, Peru

Pechenkina

Delgado²

2006

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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This paper examines relationships between the social structure of a community and the health of its members, based on analysis of human skeletal remains (N = 64) from Villa El Salvador XII (100 BC-AD 100), a prehistoric cemetery located in the lower Lurín Valley, Peru. The ambiguity of social status as conventionally inferred from archaeological context is among the principal complicating factors in such an inquiry. We use multidimensional scaling of skeletal markers to identify the presence of patterned health-based heterogeneity in our sample, without making a priori assumptions about underlying social structure at Villa El Salvador. This procedure situates every skeleton relative to all others in the sample on the basis of multiple health markers, eliciting health groups. Once recognized, the relevance of those groups to social structure can be evaluated by comparison with a broad range of presumptive archaeological status indicators. We test the hypothesis that the distribution of stress indicators in human skeletons covaries with archaeological indicators of social differentiation. Based on multivariate analysis of skeletal indicators, we conclude that the cemetery at Villa El Salvador was utilized by two social groups with different geographic affinities: one of local coastal origin, and the other probably from the upper Lurín Valley or adjacent higher altitudes. These groups differ in skeletal characteristics related to childhood health, probably reflecting systematic contrasts in the growth environments of the studied individuals. This same division is independently supported by the distribution of cranial deformation, a possible marker of ethnicity. We also document some inequality in the distribution of labor among male individuals, as reflected by the relative advancement of degenerative joint disease, and congruent with differences in the number and quality of associated funerary offerings.

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Section: Villa El Salvador Xii: An Early Intermediate Period Cemeterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Villa El Salvador Xii: An Early Intermediate Period Cemeterymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensions of health and social structure in the early intermediate period cemetery at Villa El Salvador, Peru

Pechenkina

Delgado²

2006

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

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“…It has therefore not been possible to obtain reliable 14 C dates (Makowski, 2002) for either mortuary phase. Consequently, the mortuary site has been relatively dated through comparisons of ceramic styles.…”

Section: The Cemeterymentioning

confidence: 97%

“…6000 BC) to modern times. Given the location of the site (close to the capital city of Lima), its extent and length of human use and occupation (as detailed below), teams from the Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú have worked on site since 1958, conducting research and archaeological fieldschools (Balbuena Cotlear, 1996;Cárdenas, 1999;Cárdenas andVivar, 1990, 1999;Castro de la Mata, 2005;Gerdau, 2007;Gerdau and Makowski, 2011;Jiménez, 2009;Makowski, 2002Makowski, , 2009aMakowski, , 2009bMakowski and Castro de la Mata, 2000;Makowski et al, 2012;Tomasto, 2005). Over the past 60 years of research, 5200 m 2 have been excavated, but this represents only 3% of the estimated extension of the archaeological site.…”

Section: Tablada De Lurínmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…200 BC to the beginning of the Common Era; Silverman, 2009;Splitstoser et al, 2009). The pottery of Phase 2 can be compared with materials from the Chancay valley and the ravine of Huachipa-Jicamarca in the central Peruvian coast (Pacaybamba: Goldhausen, 2013;Huayco: Palacios, 1988) and dated to the first two phases of the Early Intermediate Period (EIP; from the beginning of the Common Era to AD 200), according to Patterson (1966), Makowski (2002), and Makowski et al (2012).…”

Section: The Cemeterymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Diet in Peru's pre-Hispanic central coast

Gerdau-Radonić

Goude

Mata

et al. 2015

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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The Tablada de Lurín cemetery Lima, Peru) is characterised by two mortuary phases. Based on associated grave finds and the lack of habitation sites near the cemetery, it has been hypothesised that both burial populations came from a certain distance of the site (ca. 20 km) and that they relied on land rather than marine resources. We tested these hypotheses, based on material culture, through stable isotope analysis. The aim was to understand the populations' diet and geographic origins. We sampled 47 human individuals and eleven sets of faunal remains from both phases for stable isotope analysis (carbon, nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen) of bone and dental collagen, and apatite. Modern samples of autochthonous food were also tested as a baseline for comparison. The results showed preservation differences between the remains from both phases. Individuals from Phase 1 provided the best isotopic dataset and showed consumption of protein from marine resources and C 4 plants. On the other hand, bioapatite carbon and oxygen stable isotope results from both phases highlighted differences in C 4 plant consumption and individuals of possible non-local origin. The results underline the need to study further the effect of brewed or cooked beverages on bioapatite oxygen levels. Finally, results from Phase 1 fit with the broader dietary pattern evident in other Andean sites, where coastal populations consumed marine protein and C 4 plants, as opposed to highland populations who relied on terrestrial protein sources and C 3 plants.

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South American Archaeological Isotopic Database, a regional-scale multi-isotope data compendium for research

Pezo-Lanfranco,

Mut,

Chávez

et al. 2024

Sci Data

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The South American Archaeological Isotopic Database (SAAID) is a comprehensive open-access resource that aggregates all available bioarchaeological stable and radiogenic isotope measurements, encompassing data from human individuals, animals, and plants across South America. Resulting from a collaborative effort of scholars who work with stable isotopes in this region, SAAID contains 53,781 isotopic measurements across 24,507 entries from individuals/specimens spanning over 12,000 years. SAAID includes valuable contextual information on archaeological samples and respective sites, such as chronology, geographical region, biome, and spatial coordinates, biological details like estimated sex and age for human individuals, and taxonomic description for fauna and flora. SAAID is hosted at the PACHAMAMA community within the Pandora data platform and the CORA repository to facilitate easy access. Because of its rich data structure, SAAID is particularly well-suited for conducting spatiotemporal meta-analyses. It serves as a valuable tool for addressing a variety of research topics, including the spread, adoption, and consumption intensification of food items, paleo-environmental reconstruction, as well as the exploration of mobility patterns across extensive geographic regions.

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Power and Social Ranking at the End of the Formative Period

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

Dimensions of health and social structure in the early intermediate period cemetery at Villa El Salvador, Peru

Dimensions of health and social structure in the early intermediate period cemetery at Villa El Salvador, Peru

Diet in Peru's pre-Hispanic central coast

South American Archaeological Isotopic Database, a regional-scale multi-isotope data compendium for research

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