Power and Role Specificity in Organization Theory

The Innovating School head: Autocratic Initiator or Catalyst of Co‐operation?

“…An emphasis on the head as an encourager of innovation within the school tends to be accompanied by a positive attitude to externally oriented aspects of his professional role. Similar associations have been reported for a variety of roles and contexts (Kratz, 1959;Carlson, 1962;Hills, 1963;Rogers, 1963;Klinkenberg, 1966;Mytinger, 1968;Heisler, 1968;Palumbo, 1969;Scott, 1970;Aiken and Hage, 1971;Thomas, 1975). A noteworthy aspect of the evidence presented here is that the connection is established, not only in data obtained from the role incumbents themselves (in this case, the heads), but also in data obtained from the change agent's professional subordinates (the staff).…”

System Stress and the Persistence* of Emergent Organizations

“…The established welfare system is characterized as a bureaucratic structure, employing trained personnel, and emphasizing the precessing of cIients through the use of rules and regulations. A number of studies have shown bureaucratic structures to be the most effective mode of organization during periods of environmental stablility (Woodward, 1965;Lawrence and Lorsch, 1967;Rushing, 1968;Hage and Aiken, 1969;Palumbo, 1969). However, NIN's view of the local welfare system was formed during a period of environmental disruption, when the rigidity of bureaucracy reduces its effectiveness.…”

Policy-Making: a Conceptual Scheme

“…(2) Open agencies tend to be associated with increasing-high policy statements and actions (Bailey and Mosher, 1968;Corson, 1963;Downs, 1967;Golembiewski, 1969;Palumbo, 1969). (3) Nontraditional agencies tend to be associated with increasing-high policy statements and actions (Bailey and Mosher, 1968;Corson, 1963;Downs, 1967;Palumbo, 1969). (4) Therefore, young, open, nontraditional agencies tend to be associated with increasing-high policy statements and actions.…”

“…(1) Old agencies tend to be associated with increasing-low, decreasinglow, and decreasing-high policy statements and actions (Bailey and [24] (2) Closed agencies tend to be associated with increasing-low, decreasing-low, and decreasing-high policy statements and actions (Bailey and Mosher, 1968;Corson, 1963;Downs, 1967;Golembiewski, 1969;Palumbo, 1969). (3) Traditional agencies tend to be associated with increasing-low, decreasing-low, and decreasing-high policy statements and actions (Bailey and Mosher, 1968;Corson, 1963;Downs, 1967;Palumbo, · 1969).…”

“…(3) Traditional agencies tend to be associated with increasing-low, decreasing-low, and decreasing-high policy statements and actions (Bailey and Mosher, 1968;Corson, 1963;Downs, 1967;Palumbo, · 1969). (4) Therefore, old, closed, traditional agencies tend to be associated with increasing-low, decreasing-low, and decreasing-high policy statements and actions.…”