Power and noise limitations of active circulators

Carchon, G.; Nanwelaers, B.

doi:10.1109/22.821785

Cited by 85 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…They offer small physical dimensions, versatile functionalities, and compatibility with IC technology [3]- [5]. However, active circulators have generally limited noise and power performances, which prevent them from being widely deployed in systems requiring wide dynamic ranges [6]- [8]. To gain an additional degree of freedom in designing nonreciprocal components, the time-varying property of transmission-line structures can be exploited.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonreciprocal Components With Distributedly Modulated Capacitors

Qin

2014

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

218

101

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The concept of distributedly modulated capacitors (DMC) is proposed as a form of time-varying transmission-line structure offering nonreciprocal propagation and coupling characteristics. The nonreciprocity is achieved by taking advantage of the additional dimension of time-variance in the transmission-line property. The complete theory, based on: 1) the distributed parametric effect on a time-varying transmission line and 2) the distributed capacitive mixers, is presented with emphasis on the theoretical bounds of the isolation and insertion performances of DMC. Simulations are carried out and a prototype consisting of double-balanced varactor diodes on microstrip lines is implemented on a Rogers board. The measured results agree well with the theoretical derivations and the simulation results. It is thus confirmed that the DMC has great potential of being a circulator device with broadband, minimum insertion loss, and synthesizable isolation characteristics. It can be integrated into an RF system front-end that allows transmission and reception of signals at the same time and the same frequency.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonreciprocal Components With Distributedly Modulated Capacitors

Qin

2014

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

218

101

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“…In comparison with traditional circulators, they offer small physical size and compatibility with IC technology345 at the price of limited noise and power performance. These shortcomings keep them from being utilized in systems that require wide dynamic ranges678. The realization of non-reciprocity without exploiting magnetic material properties has been introduced in a number of past works9101112131415161718192021.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultra-Wide Band Non-reciprocity through Sequentially-Switched Delay Lines

Biedka

Zhu

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Achieving non-reciprocity through unconventional methods without the use of magnetic material has recently become a subject of great interest. Towards this goal a time switching strategy known as the Sequentially-Switched Delay Line (SSDL) is proposed. The essential SSDL configuration consists of six transmission lines of equal length, along with five switches. Each switch is turned on and off sequentially to distribute and route the propagating electromagnetic wave, allowing for simultaneous transmission and receiving of signals through the device. Preliminary experimental results with commercial off the shelf parts are presented which demonstrated non-reciprocal behavior with greater than 40 dB isolation from 200 KHz to 200 MHz. The theory and experimental results demonstrated that the SSDL concept may lead to future on-chip circulators over multi-octaves of frequency.

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“…Two new qualitative variables, normalized frequency and characteristic impedance Z c , which absorbed the circuit parameters of C and L, have been involved in (5).…”

Section: B Circuit Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-Wideband Quasi-Circulator Implemented by Cascading Distributed Balun With Phase Cancelation Technique

Tang

Lin

Hung

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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This paper presents the implementation of a broadband quasi-circulator through a cascading distributed balun using a 90-nm CMOS process. The isolation, |S31|, of the proposed three-port quasi-circulator can be acquired through the phase cancelation technique, by connecting an additional distributed amplifier in parallel between ports 1 and 3. The thorough analysis based on an eight-port chain matrix and scattering matrix is presented for refining the circuit parameters in the initial design. Measured results show that the proposed quasi-circulator attains a broad operation bandwidth ranging from 10 to 67 GHz. Moreover, the quasi-circulator also has good insertion gain of 0.5 to 4.8 dB, as well as isolation |S31|, which is better than 23 dB. Consequently, the proposed quasicirculator delivers wide bandwidth performance, good port-toport isolations, good insertion gain, and high linearity based on the cascading distributed balun with phase cancelation technique.

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Power and noise limitations of active circulators

Cited by 85 publications

References 8 publications

Nonreciprocal Components With Distributedly Modulated Capacitors

Nonreciprocal Components With Distributedly Modulated Capacitors

Ultra-Wide Band Non-reciprocity through Sequentially-Switched Delay Lines

Ultra-Wideband Quasi-Circulator Implemented by Cascading Distributed Balun With Phase Cancelation Technique

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