Powdery mildew pathogenesis of<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i>

Plotnikova, Julia M.; Reuber, T. Lynne; Ausubel, Frederick M.; Pfister, Donald H.

doi:10.1080/00275514.1998.12026999

Cited by 39 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…These numbers may reflect the degree of adaptation that each of these powdery mildew species possesses to cope with the variations of the antifungal defense repertoire that is common in natural Arabidopsis populations. Notably, the reference ecotype Col-0 was found to be susceptible to all four powdery mildew fungi known to successfully colonize A. thaliana (Xiao et al, 1997;Plotnikova et al, 1998;Adam et al, 1999).…”

Section: Déjà Vu: Rpw8-mediated Defense As a Recurrent Theme In Naturmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Successful penetration results in host plasma membrane invagination to accommodate the primary feeding structure of the fungus, the haustorium ( Figure 5, reviewed in O´Connell and . In biotrophic pathogens haustoria are believed to be responsible for the uptake of sugars and amino acids from the plant to the fungal mycelium (Hahn et al, 1997;Voegele et al, 2001) and are thought to actively deliver proteins (effectors) to suppress plant immune responses as is the case for rust fungi (Dodds et Conidiophore formation 4 dpi b 5 dpi 5 to 6 dpi 6 dpi c a Information was obtained from personal communications with D. Meyer as well as from the following publications: Adam and Somerville, 1996;Plotnikova et al, 1998;Adam et al, 1999, Vogel andSomerville, 2002. b hpi, hours post-inoculation; dpi, days post-inoculation; N/A: not available. c phenotype observed on tomato (Whipps et al, 1998;Jones et al, 2001) al.…”

Section: The Magic Roundabout: Life Cycle Of Powdery Mildews On Arabimentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Powdery Mildew Disease of Arabidopsis: A Paradigm for the Interaction between Plants and Biotrophic Fungi

Micali

Göllner

Humphry

et al. 2008

The Arabidopsis Book

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The powdery mildew diseases, caused by fungal species of the Erysiphales, have an important economic impact on a variety of plant species and have driven basic and applied research efforts in the field of phytopathology for many years. Although the first taxonomic reports on the Erysiphales date back to the 1850's, advances into the molecular biology of these fungal species have been hampered by their obligate biotrophic nature and difficulties associated with their cultivation and genetic manipulation in the laboratory. The discovery in the 1990's of a few species of powdery mildew fungi that cause disease on Arabidopsis has opened a new chapter in this research field. The great advantages of working with a model plant species have translated into remarkable progress in our understanding of these complex pathogens and their interaction with the plant host. Herein we summarize advances in the study of Arabidopsis-powdery mildew interactions and discuss their implications for the general field of plant pathology. We provide an overview of the life cycle of the pathogens on Arabidopsis and describe the structural and functional changes that occur during infection in the host and fungus in compatible and incompatible interactions, with special emphasis on defense signaling, resistance pathways, and compatibility factors. Finally, we discuss the future of powdery mildew research in anticipation of the sequencing of multiple powdery mildew genomes. The cumulative body of knowledge on powdery mildews of Arabidopsis provides a valuable tool for the study and understanding of disease associated with many other obligate biotrophic pathogen species.

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Section: Déjà Vu: Rpw8-mediated Defense As a Recurrent Theme In Naturmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Magic Roundabout: Life Cycle Of Powdery Mildews On Arabimentioning

confidence: 99%

The Powdery Mildew Disease of Arabidopsis: A Paradigm for the Interaction between Plants and Biotrophic Fungi

Micali

Göllner

Humphry

et al. 2008

The Arabidopsis Book

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“…To determine the specificity of the resistance observed in the mutants, they were challenged with a battery of pathogens. First, they were challenged with a closely related powdery mildew, E. orontii (12). Surprisingly, pmr1 was susceptible to E. orontii, indicating that this resistance is very specific (Fig.…”

Section: Isolation Of Mutants From a Screen Of Approximately 26000 Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of powdery mildew-resistant Arabidopsis mutants

Vogel

Somerville

2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

263

253

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A compatible interaction between a plant and a pathogen is the result of a complex interplay between many factors of both plant and pathogen origin. Our objective was to identify host factors involved in this interaction. These factors may include susceptibility factors required for pathogen growth, factors manipulated by the pathogen to inactivate or avoid host defenses, or negative regulators of defense responses. To this end, we identified 20 recessive Arabidopsis mutants that do not support normal growth of the powdery mildew pathogen, Erysiphe cichoracearum. Complementation analyses indicated that four loci, designated powdery mildew resistant 1-4 (pmr1-4), are defined by this collection. These mutants do not constitutively accumulate elevated levels of PR1 or PDF1.2 mRNA, indicating that resistance is not simply due to constitutive activation of the salicylic acid-or ethylene-and jasmonic acid-dependent defense pathways. Further Northern blot analyses revealed that some mutants accumulate higher levels of PR1 mRNA than wild type in response to infection by powdery mildew. To test the specificity of the resistance, the pmr mutants were challenged with other pathogens including Pseudomonas syringae, Peronospora parasitica, and Erysiphe orontii. Surprisingly, one mutant, pmr1, was susceptible to E. orontii, a very closely related powdery mildew, suggesting that a very specific resistance mechanism is operating in this case. Another mutant, pmr4, was resistant to P. parasitica, indicating that this resistance is more generalized. Thus, we have identified a novel collection of mutants affecting genes required for a compatible interaction between a plant and a biotrophic pathogen.

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“…In addition, the dmr3 and dmr4 mutants also showed resistance to the powdery mildew pathogen, G. orontii. This fungal pathogen, formerly referred to as E. orontii, previously was reported to represent one of three powdery species that are able to successfully colonize Arabidopsis thaliana (Plotnikova et al 1998). The dmr mutants were screened for resistance to G. orontii (Table 1).…”

Section: Disease Susceptibility Of Dmr Mutantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Arabidopsis Loci Required for Susceptibility to the Downy Mildew Pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica

Damme¹,

Andel²,

Huibers³

et al. 2005

MPMI

112

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Plants are susceptible to a limited number of pathogens. Most infections fail due to active defense or absence of compatibility. Many components of the plant's surveillance system and defense arsenal have been identified in the last decades. However, knowledge is limited on compatibility; in particular, the role of plant factors in the infection process. To gain insight into these processes, we have initiated an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant screen for reduced susceptibility to the downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica. Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutants were generated in the highly susceptible Arabidopsis line Ler eds1-2. Eight downy mildew-resistant (dmr) mutants were analyzed in detail, corresponding to six different loci. Microscopic analysis showed that, in all mutants, H. parasitica growth was severely reduced. Resistance of dmr3, dmr4, and dmr5 was associated with constitutive expression of PR-1. Furthermore, dmr3 and dmr4, but not dmr5, also were resistant to Pseudomonas syringae and Golovinomyces orontii, respectively. However, enhanced activation of plant defense was not observed in dmr1, dmr2, and dmr6. We postulate that, in these susceptibility mutants, cellular processes are disrupted which are required for H. parasitica infection. This interesting new set of mutants provides a basis to elucidate the molecular processes underlying susceptibility to downy mildew in Arabidopsis.

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Powdery mildew pathogenesis ofArabidopsis thaliana

Cited by 39 publications

References 6 publications

The Powdery Mildew Disease of Arabidopsis: A Paradigm for the Interaction between Plants and Biotrophic Fungi

The Powdery Mildew Disease of Arabidopsis: A Paradigm for the Interaction between Plants and Biotrophic Fungi

Isolation and characterization of powdery mildew-resistant Arabidopsis mutants

Identification of Arabidopsis Loci Required for Susceptibility to the Downy Mildew Pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica

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