Powder mixed electrical discharge machining for antibacterial coating on titanium implant surfaces

Bui, Viet D.; Mwangi, James Wamai; Schubert, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.jmapro.2019.05.032

Cited by 73 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…It is important to highlight the importance of the current study since it opens the possibility of integrating a PVD process and additive manufacturing technologies (as 3D printing) in order to obtain a higher performance in ceramic pieces, which is possibly applicable to other substrates. Other studies were focused in obtaining antibiofouling properties in marine applications [19,20], medical implants [21,22] or water treatments [23], until now, none has studied how to integrate aesthetic and antibiofouling properties as part of a multifunctional applied solution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface functionalization of 3D printed structures: Aesthetic and antibiofouling properties

Castro

Carneiro

Marques

et al. 2020

Surface and Coatings Technology

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Additive manufacturing (AM) is a hot topic nowadays, having a first order in importance in research trends, improving existent technologies and carrying them further. AM can be applied to ceramics, which have importance in current technologies. Their capability to maintain functional properties for long time periods, combined with the easiness to process and the abundance of raw materials, make them a fundamental part of mankind development. Within ceramics, stoneware has a wide range of uses but in some conditions, it can be affected by biofouling. Ti(O)N and Ag-Ti(O)N coatings over 3D printed stoneware, were presented as multifunctional solution, linking aesthetical and antimicrobial properties. Films were developed by reactive direct current (DC) magnetron sputtering and characterized physical, chemical and morphologically, as well as regarding their colour variation. Moreover roughness, wettability, antibacterial and antibiofouling were also evaluated. The results revealed that the Ag doped coatings (with or without oxygen addition) had an enhanced multifunctionality compared to control samples (without Ag). Ag nanoparticles addition created a surface with potential antibacterial and antibiofouling activities, in order to resist outdoors and aqueous environments, making these films able to be applied in architectural pieces as sculptures or other decorative parts, maintaining their properties with good aesthetical properties. implants, soft tissue replacements, drug deliveries, among others [2]; aerospace industry, in reduced volume parts and replacements parts for aircraft with advanced materials as aluminium alloys, titanium alloys, nickel super-alloys and special steels; automotive industry, in the development of some structural and engine parts; and tooling industry, like moulds with complex refrigeration systems enabling better performances and higher life time, [3]. Additive manufacturing, namely with metals and polymers, is no longer the future, it is the unavoidable present, but the additive manufacture of ceramic materials is still far from the desired maturity. Abundance, easy manipulation, low cost, heat resistance and long life time span are the main characteristics of ceramics [4] and across human history, new technologies have enlarged its uses. Chemically, ceramics can be considered as compounds formed between metallic and non-metallic elements with predominant ionic bonding but having a

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface functionalization of 3D printed structures: Aesthetic and antibiofouling properties

Castro

Carneiro

Marques

et al. 2020

Surface and Coatings Technology

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show abstract

“…Powder concentration was found to be one of the influential factors to obtain surfaces which enhance biocompatibility and cellular activity. Bui et al [26] studied EDM for antibacterial coatings on the titanium implant surface. The deposit of powder increased with the increase in powder concentration and surface roughness decreased up to a certain level.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The experimental researches are at initial stages regarding the surface modification through EDM in context of biocompatibility. EDM has been used for coating [26,34,35], particle migration [36,37], layer quality improvement [30,38,39], and nano-surface treatment [30,[40][41][42] for biomedical implants surface treatment of titanium alloys [43].…”

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confidence: 99%

On the Investigation of Surface Integrity of Ti6Al4V ELI Using Si-Mixed Electric Discharge Machining

et al. 2020

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Surface modification is given vital importance in the biomedical industry to cope with surface tissue growth problems. Conventionally, basic surface treatment methods are used which include physical and chemical deposition. The major drawbacks associated with these methods are excessive cost and poor adhesion of coating with implant material. To generate a bioactive surface on an implant, electric discharge machining (EDM) is a promising and emerging technology which simultaneously serves as machining and surface modification technique. Besides the surface topology, implant material plays a very important role in surgical applications. From various implant materials, titanium (Ti6Al4V ELI) alloy is the best choice for long-term hard body tissue replacement due to its superior engineering, excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial properties. In this research, EDM’s surface characteristics are explored using Si powder mixed in dielectric on Ti6Al4V ELI. The effect of powder concentration (5 g/L, 10 g/L and 20 g/L) along with pulse current and pulse on time is investigated on micro and nanoscale surface topography. Optimized process parameters having a 5 g/L powder concentration result in 2.76 μm surface roughness and 13.80 μm recast layer thickness. Furthermore, a nano-structured (50–200 nm) biocompatible surface is fabricated on the surface for better cell attachment and growth. A highly favourable carbon enriched surface is confirmed through EDS which increases adhesion and proliferation of human osteoblasts.

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“…When the TiC concentration was approximately 5 g/L, the minimum surface roughness was Ra 0.828 µm. According to Bui et al [ 28 ], the addition of powder reduces the dielectric resistivity and increases the discharge gap. Conductive particles such as graphite [ 29 ], cobalt [ 30 ], and molybdenum [ 31 ] can form chains across the electrodes and enlarge the gap distance, which not only allows more working fluid to flow through but also lowers the single pulse explosion pressure, resulting in smaller and shallower craters.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing Characteristics of Micro Electrical Discharge Machining for Surface Modification of TiNi Shape Memory Alloys Using a TiC Powder Dielectric

Zhu

Guo

et al. 2020

Micromachines

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Titanium-nickel shape memory alloy (SMA) has good biomedical application value as an implant. Alloy corrosion will promote the release of toxic nickel ions and cause allergies and poisoning of cells and tissues. With this background, surface modification of TiNi SMAs using TiC-powder-assisted micro-electrical discharge machining (EDM) was proposed. This aims to explore the effect of the electrical discharge machining (EDM) parameters and TiC powder concentration on the machining properties and surface characteristics of the TiNi SMA. It was found that the material removal rate (MRR), surface roughness, and thickness of the recast layer increased with an increase in the discharge energy. TiC powder’s addition had a positive effect on increasing the electro-discharge frequency and MRR, reducing the surface roughness, and the maximum MRR and the minimum surface roughness occurred at a mixed powder concentration of 5 g/L. Moreover, the recast layer had good adhesion and high hardness due to metallurgical bonding. XRD analysis found that the machined surface contains CuO2, TiO2, and TiC phases, contributing to an increase in the surface microhardness from 258.5 to 438.7 HV, which could be beneficial for wear resistance in biomedical orthodontic applications.

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Powder mixed electrical discharge machining for antibacterial coating on titanium implant surfaces

Cited by 73 publications

References 44 publications

Surface functionalization of 3D printed structures: Aesthetic and antibiofouling properties

Surface functionalization of 3D printed structures: Aesthetic and antibiofouling properties

On the Investigation of Surface Integrity of Ti6Al4V ELI Using Si-Mixed Electric Discharge Machining

Processing Characteristics of Micro Electrical Discharge Machining for Surface Modification of TiNi Shape Memory Alloys Using a TiC Powder Dielectric

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