Powder metallurgy of titanium alloys

Froes, F. H.; Eylon, D.

doi:10.1179/095066090790323984

Cited by 199 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…[16] In this regard, powder metallurgy (PM) offers a promising route for both cost reduction and improved constitutional and microstructural capability for broad applications. [17,18] This makes MW heating and sintering particularly attractive, provided that the efficacy demonstrated on ceramics can be realized on titanium powder.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Heating, Isothermal Sintering, and Mechanical Properties of Powder Metallurgy Titanium and Titanium Alloys

Luo¹,

Guan²,

Yang³

et al. 2012

Metall Mater Trans A

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This article presents a detailed assessment of microwave (MW) heating, isothermal sintering, and the resulting tensile properties of commercially pure Ti (CP-Ti), Ti-6Al-4V, and Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al (wt pct), by comparison with those fabricated by conventional vacuum sintering. The potential of MW sintering for titanium fabrication is evaluated accordingly. Pure MW radiation is capable of heating titanium powder to ‡1573 K (1300°C), but the heating response is erratic and difficult to reproduce. In contrast, the use of SiC MW susceptors ensures rapid, consistent, and controllable MW heating of titanium powder. MW sintering can consolidate CP-Ti and Ti alloys compacted from À100 mesh hydride-dehydride (HDH) Ti powder to~95.0 pct theoretical density (TD) at 1573 K (1300°C), but no accelerated isothermal sintering has been observed over conventional practice. Significant interstitial contamination occurred from the Al 2 O 3 -SiC insulation-susceptor package, despite the high vacuum used (£4.0 9 10 À3 Pa). This leads to erratic mechanical properties including poor tensile ductility. The use of Ti sponge as impurity (O, N, C, and Si) absorbers can effectively eliminate this problem and ensure good-to-excellent tensile properties for MW-sintered CP-Ti, Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, and Ti-6Al-4V. The mechanisms behind various observations are discussed. The prime benefit of MW sintering of Ti powder is rapid heating. MW sintering of Ti powder is suitable for the fabrication of small titanium parts or titanium preforms for subsequent thermomechanical processing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave Heating, Isothermal Sintering, and Mechanical Properties of Powder Metallurgy Titanium and Titanium Alloys

Luo¹,

Guan²,

Yang³

et al. 2012

Metall Mater Trans A

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“…Extensive research has been carried out in order to reduce the production costs, particularly over the last decade [4][5][6]. One of the most promising cost-effective powder metallurgical techniques is the blended elemental powder metallurgy (BEPM) method [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of cooling rates on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thermo-mechanically processed Ti–Al–Mo–V–Cr–Fe alloys

Ahmed

Savvakin

Ивасишин

et al. 2013

Materials Science and Engineering: A

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The effect of cooling rates on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thermo-mechanically processed Ti-Al-Mo-V-Cr-Fe alloys AbstractTwo near-β titanium alloys, Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe and a modified one containing 2 wt% Cr (Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-2Cr-1Fe) were produced from Ti hydride precursor powders via the cost-effective blended elemental powder metallurgy technique. The effects of two cooling rates (10 K s−1 and 1 K s−1) during thermo-mechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray line profile analysis revealed that dislocation densities and microstrain in β-Ti phase are higher than in α-Ti phase for all cases. In both alloys, slower cooling results in an increase in α volume fraction and promotes morphology of continuous grain boundary α phase. A lower total elongation is obtained in both alloys under slower cooling which could be accounted for by the continuous morphology of α phase. Overall, Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe displays higher ultimate tensile strength and total elongation compared to Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-2Cr-1Fe, regardless of the cooling rate. Two near-β titanium alloys, Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe and a modified one containing 2 wt. % Cr (Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-2Cr-1Fe) were produced from Ti hydride precursor powders via the cost-effective blended elemental powder metallurgy technique. The effects of two cooling rates (10 Ks -1 and 1 Ks -1 ) during thermo-mechanical processing on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. X-ray line profile analysis revealed that dislocation densities and microstrain in β-Ti phase are higher than in α-Ti phase for all cases. In both alloys, slower cooling results in an increase in α volume fraction and promotes morphology of continuous grain boundary α phase. A lower total elongation is obtained in both alloys under slower cooling which could be accounted for by the continuous morphology of α phase. Overall, Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-1Cr-1Fe displays higher ultimate tensile strength and total elongation compared to Ti-5Al-5Mo-5V-2Cr-1Fe, regardless of the cooling rate.

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“…Las técnicas pulvimetalúrgicas para el procesado del titanio se clasifican habitualmente en dos ramas principales: las técnicas que parten de mezclas de polvos elementales (BE -blended elemental powders) y las técnicas que parten de polvos prealeados (PAprealloyed powders) [35] .…”

Section: Procesado Del Titanio Por Pulvimetalurgiaunclassified

“…Además, la morfología esférica no es eficiente en la creación de uniones mecánicas durante la etapa de compactación, resultando compactos en verde poco resistentes. Los polvos prealeados esféri-cos sin embargo, pueden ser procesados eficazmente mediante técnicas como el moldeo por inyección de polvos ('Powder Injection Moulding'-PIM) y prensado isostático en caliente ('Hot Isostatic Pressing'-HIP) [35] .…”

Section: Procesado Del Titanio Por Pulvimetalurgiaunclassified

“…Las piezas se sinterizan en un horno de alto vacío a temperaturas que dependen de la composición de la aleación, y que para la aleación Ti-6Al-4V es típicamente 1.260 °C. Las densidades finales que se alcanzan pueden ser cercanas al 99 % de la densidad teórica, y con un procesado posterior por HIP se suelen alcanzar densidades del 99,8 % con polvos de titanio esponja, y del 100 % con polvos de titanio sin sales residuales (polvos HDH) [35] . En general, tras la sinterización la pieza debe ser mecanizada hasta la geometría final deseada.…”

Section: Prensado Sinterización Y Procesado Secundariounclassified

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Introducción al procesado pulvimetalúrgico del titanio

Esteban¹,

Bolzoni²,

Ruiz-Navas³

et al. 2011

REVMETAL

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ResumenEl desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías de extracción de titanio, que producen titanio elemental directamente en forma de polvo, sitúan a la pulvimetalurgia en un puesto estratégico para la fabricación de componentes de titanio. La disminución de coste del material base, junto a la economía de los procesos pulvimetalúrgicos, hacen más viable la diversificación de la industria del titanio, lo que permitiría alcanzar volúmenes de producción capaces de popularizar el metal y estabilizar su precio. En este trabajo se muestran algunas de las técnicas pulvimetalúrgicas empleadas para la fabricación de componentes de titanio a partir de los dos enfoques clásicos de mezcla de polvos elementales y el uso de polvos prealeados. Se describen entre otras las técnicas de prensado y sinterización convencional o compactación isostática en frío y caliente, que tratan de competir con las técnicas de procesado convencional, y se muestran algunas aplicaciones actuales y potenciales. Palabras claveTitanio; Pulvimetalurgia; Procesado del titanio.

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Powder metallurgy of titanium alloys

Cited by 199 publications

References 3 publications

Microwave Heating, Isothermal Sintering, and Mechanical Properties of Powder Metallurgy Titanium and Titanium Alloys

Microwave Heating, Isothermal Sintering, and Mechanical Properties of Powder Metallurgy Titanium and Titanium Alloys

The effect of cooling rates on the microstructure and mechanical properties of thermo-mechanically processed Ti–Al–Mo–V–Cr–Fe alloys

Introducción al procesado pulvimetalúrgico del titanio

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