Powder Metallurgy Fabrication and Characterization of Ti6Al4V/xCu Alloys for Biomedical Applications

Vergara–Hernández, Héctor Javier; Olmos, L.; Solorio, Victor Manuel; Bouvard, D.; Villalobos, Julio C.; Chávez, J.; Jiménez, O.

doi:10.3390/met13050888

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…It is an ideal technique for shaping bulk galena into the required geometry or particle size due to its brittleness and difficulty to machine. The literature is abundant, with significant information about powder metallurgy and its applications in numerous fields [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Galena Ore Powder Sintering and Its Microstructure

Al-Saqarat,

Al-Mobydeen,

Al-Dalahmeh

et al. 2024

Metals

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Galena is a natural mineral enriched with lead sulfide (PbS). It typically forms in hydrothermal veins associated with igneous rocks and can also occur as a gangue mineral in other ore deposits. PbS is of special importance for scientific research applications due to the possibility of tuning its semiconductor energy gap using nanotechnology in conjunction with powder metallurgy as an easy, controllable production route. In this paper, almost pure PbS was successfully produced starting from a high ratio of PbS phase galena ore. As-received galena lumps were roughly pulverized and milled to produce four particle size ranges of 38, 63, 125, and 250 µm prior to compaction and sintering in a vacuum (pre-flushed with argon gas). SEM coupled with the EDAX analysis unit was employed to investigate the microstructure and chemical composition of the as-received galena and the subsequent products after sintering. The chemical analysis confirmed the high ratio of PbS compound in the as-received galena and sintered products with approximately 85% Pb and 13% S mass ratio. The sintering process of the galena powder was carried out at different values of temperature, time, and compaction pressure. Additionally, the effect of length to diameter ratio of compacted and sintered samples was investigated. XRD analysis confirmed the existence of the PbS phase in the as-received and sintered samples at 700 °C with approximately 98 wt.%, as well as a new phase that is formed at 800 °C with a lower percentage. The micro-hardness of the as-received and sintered samples was measured and compared with the as-received galena ore. The results showed a significant reduction in the hardness of sintered galena powder compared with the bulk as-received galena by 52%. Furthermore, a relative sintered density of 99.3% for the as-received galena density signifies a novel result using powder metallurgy techniques.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Galena Ore Powder Sintering and Its Microstructure

Al-Saqarat,

Al-Mobydeen,

Al-Dalahmeh

et al. 2024

Metals

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“…However, as there are more and more demanding requirements regarding mechanical properties of certain products it turns out that pure copper is not always sufficient as its mechanical properties are limited 1 , 2 . These are, among others but not limited to, electromagnet windings 3 , 4 , medical equipment 5 , heat exchangers 6 , 7 or automotive industry applications 8 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective cold metal working and analysis of deformation susceptibility of CuMg alloys with high magnesium content

Strzępek,

Zasadzińska

2024

Sci Rep

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Metal alloys designated for cold metal working exhibit much higher strength properties than pure materials due to solid-solution hardening. However, with the increase of mechanical properties its plasticity and workability decreases. Constant development and demand in this area has led to research on many copper alloys, such as copper alloys with high content of magnesium which were never tested before. The limitations regarding cold metal working of CuMg alloys is the main objective of this paper. Here we show that the tested materials exhibit much higher mechanical properties than currently used as electric conductors and carrying-conducting equipment materials such as pure copper, aluminum, M63 brass or CuNiSi alloy. The results were obtained using Hollomon relation, Considére criterion, Gubkin method and hardness measurements. It lead to assessing the prospective cold metal working of CuMg alloys with 2 wt% of magnesium up to 4 wt% of magnesium. The test range included upsetting with 10–50% of cold deformation. It provided the results on evolution of mechanical properties and deformability of tested alloys. Additional information was provided based on the alloys subjected to 50% of strain. The results have proven that as the amount of magnesium increased so did the assessed values, however, it was also linked with increasing friction coefficient. Measured hardness was 2 times higher and calculated Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS) was even 2.5 times higher in reference to pure copper in the as-cast state. However, with magnesium content at 3.6 wt% or higher, the elevated amount of α + β phase causes brittleness making it impossible to subject these materials to cold metal working processes. We anticipate our assay to be a starting point for more sophisticated models and experimental research concerning cold metal working processes of CuMg alloys of high-strength, which may lead to developing novel and promising set of alloys.

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