Powder-in-Tube Reactive Molten-Core Fabrication of Glass-Clad BaO-TiO2-SiO2 Glass–Ceramic Fibers

Abstract

In this paper we report the fabrication of glass-clad BaO-TiO2-SiO2 (BTS) glass–ceramic fibers by powder-in-tube reactive molten-core drawing and successive isothermal heat treatment. Upon drawing, the inserted raw powder materials in the fused silica tubing melt and react with the fused silica tubing (housing tubing) via dissolution and diffusion interactions. During the drawing process, the fused silica tubing not only serves as a reactive crucible, but also as a fiber cladding layer. The formation of the BTS glass–ceramic structure in the core was verified by micro-Raman spectroscopy after the successive isothermal heat treatment. Second-harmonic generation and blue-white photoluminescence were observed in the fiber using 1064 nm and 266 nm picosecond laser irradiation, respectively. Therefore, the BTS glass–ceramic fiber is a promising candidate for all fiber based second-order nonlinear and photoluminescence applications. Moreover, the powder-in-tube reactive molten core method offers a more efficient and intrinsic contamination-free approach to fabricate glass–ceramic fibers.

Synthesis and characterization of [BaO-(10-x)ZrO2-TiO2-SiO2-xCrO3] type glass and glass ceramics

“…Moreover, the positions of these peaks are red shifted with varying compositions of the samples BZTS0C, BZTS2C, BZTS4C, and BZTS6C respectively [18]. It is reported that the transmittance bands in oxide spectra are usually arisen owing to the grouping of high degeneracy vibrational states, and thermal broadening of the lattice dispersion bands from the powdered glass samples [47]. In the low wavenumber range, two distinct modes, i.e.…”

“…More recently, BaO-TiO 2 -SiO 2 based glasses were synthesized using the powder-intube reactive molten-core technique for photoluminescence applications. Furthermore, this technique provides more efficient and impurity free process to design and fabricate the glass ceramic fibers [47]. Herein, the main focus was taken in to account to synthesize the lead-free glass and glass ceramics.…”

Crystallization Mechanism and Optical Properties of Antimony-Germanate-Silicate Glass-Ceramic Doped with Europium Ions

“…Although the origins of transparent active GC doped with lanthanide ions date back to the 1970s [ 17 ] and optical fibers’ the 1960s [ 11 , 18 ], GC still poses problems when drawing optical fibers. Glass-ceramics compromise quantum efficiency [ 19 , 20 , 21 ], which depends on the local environment around RE ions, the chemical composition, luminescence, and thermal properties.…”

“…Unfortunately, the melting and, after that, the drawing process, degrades crystals [ 19 , 25 ]. Alternatively, the core material can be melted inside the cladding material, and this method is melt-in-tube (molten-core) or powder-in-tube [ 10 , 18 , 26 , 27 ]. This method of obtaining fibers involves diffusion problems between core and cladding materials, core irregularity and the difference between core and cladding in melting point, and viscosity [ 18 ].…”

“…Bulk material is the core material, but like in the first method, those crystals dissolve partially in the rod-in-tube drawing process. Alternatively, drawn optic fiber has an amorphous core, and crystals are grown in the heat treatment process after being drawn [ 10 , 18 , 26 ]. All these methods are characterized by the degradation of added crystals or problems with the amount and size of growth crystal, so more of these ways of obtaining optic fiber are multi-step and take a big amount of time on the heat treatment process [ 10 , 18 , 26 ].…”