Powder cloud reactors.An attractive concept to run solar high-temperature reactions

Ganz, J.; Steiner, Erich; Sturzenegger, M.

doi:10.1051/jp4:1999356

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Preliminary experiments indicate that the decomposition of copper sulphides requires temperatures .2000 K, which suggests that the feed itself must absorb the concentrated sunlight (direct heating). Reactor concepts for solid feeds with direct heating were demonstrated with self-lined reactors, 22 fluidised beds 23 and gas particle suspensions, 24,25 where the latter can also deal with molten particles.…”

Section: Characteristic Features Of High Temperature Solar Technology...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar extraction of copper: on application of concentrated sunlight in extractive metallurgy

Sturzenegger¹,

Winkel²,

Guesdon³

2006

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

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The direct decomposition of copper sulphides under an oxygen free atmosphere in a solar furnace is an intriguing approach for producing copper. The use of concentrated sunlight to affect the decomposition reaction consequently avoids the generation of both toxic sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide in the extraction process. Analysis of insolation maps shows that many important copper mining districts, e.g. in Chile or Southern Africa, as well as other places close to the growing Asian market, receive sufficient sunlight that recommends its use on an industrial scale. Decomposition experiments on synthetic copper sulphides in an imaging furnace confirmed formation of metallic copper at temperatures between 2000 and 2200 K and provided the parameters for preliminary calculations of the energy demand. They indicate that at suitable places 200 t of copper can be produced per day with a thermal input onto the heliostat field between 40 and 165 MW. Such plant sizes are at the lower limit compared with solar power plants dedicated to the production of solar electricity or of solar fuels. The reduced cost analysis further revealed that the expected production costs for solar copper are up to 30% lower but always comparable with those for conventional production because there is a need neither for SO 2 processing nor for an oxygen plant. The concept of a solar driven extraction can also be applied to other base metal concentrates with similar benefits.

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Section: Characteristic Features Of High Temperature Solar Technology...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar extraction of copper: on application of concentrated sunlight in extractive metallurgy

Sturzenegger¹,

Winkel²,

Guesdon³

2006

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

Self Cite

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“…The particles directly absorb the radiant energy, which induces heating and chemical conversion. Further details on the theory, design, and applications of solar ''powder cloud'' reactors can be Ž found elsewhere Ganz, 1996;Ganz et al, 1999;Hunt, 1982; . Hunt et al, 1986 .…”

Section: Design Of the Solar Chemical Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concept of ''hot particles ᎐cold walls'' was abandoned, because the dimension of the particle cloud and its optical thickness are not sufficient to allow establishment of a substantial temperature gradient between the center of the Ž . cloud and the reactor wall Ganz et al, 1999 . Now, the zirconia-lined high-temperature zone is intentionally heated by the solar radiation to minimize heat loss from the particles to the wall.…”

Section: Design Of the Solar Chemical Reactormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A similar central reactor outlet had previously been successfully implemented in another volumetric gasrparticle solar reactor Ž . Ganz et al, 1999 . In combination with a water-spray quench unit, it allowed the harvesting of oxygen-sensitive materials even with air as the auxiliary gas. Furthermore, the experiments demonstrated that placing the outlet tube in front of the aperture has a threefold benefit with regard to both the improved conversion of the incident solar radiation and to Ž .…”

confidence: 99%

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