Poverty, Subculture of Violence, and Type of Homicide

Parker, Robert Nash

doi:10.1093/sf/67.4.983

Cited by 166 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Previous work suggests that individuals with lower social standing are more prone to aggression and violence (e.g., Blau & Blau, 1982; Brownfield, 1986; Crutchfield, 1989; Elliot & Ageton, 1980; Parker, 1989). Consistent with this literature, the present work shows that social status and anger expression are negatively associated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Related literatures have shown that people with lower socioeconomic positions, who are likely to experience more frustration in life (Markus, Ryff, Curhan, & Palmersheim, 2004), show more aggressive and delinquent behaviors (Brownfield, 1986; Elliot & Ageton, 1980), and commit violent crimes such as homicide (Blau & Blau, 1982; Crutchfield, 1989; Parker, 1989). Although violence differs from anger in certain aspects and some forms of violence may not necessarily implicate anger (Averill, 1982), the evidence linking lower social status to aggression suggests that anger expression is more prevalent among those of lower social status (Henry, 2009).…”

Section: Lower Social Status Fuels Anger Expression In the Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social status and anger expression: The cultural moderation hypothesis.

Park

Kitayama

Markus

et al. 2013

Emotion

130

138

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Individuals with lower social status have been reported to express more anger, but this evidence comes mostly from Western cultures. Here, we used representative samples of American and Japanese adults and tested the hypothesis that the association between social status and anger expression depends on whether anger serves primarily to vent frustration, as in the United States, or to display authority, as in Japan. Consistent with the assumption that lower social standing is associated with greater frustration stemming from life adversities and blocked goals, Americans with lower social status expressed more anger, with the relationship mediated by the extent of frustration. In contrast, consistent with the assumption that higher social standing affords a privilege to display anger, Japanese with higher social status expressed more anger, with the relationship mediated by decision-making authority. As expected, anger expression was predicted by subjective social status among Americans and by objective social status among Japanese. Implications for the dynamic construction of anger and anger expression are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Lower Social Status Fuels Anger Expression In the Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social status and anger expression: The cultural moderation hypothesis.

Park

Kitayama

Markus

et al. 2013

Emotion

130

138

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Several independent variables will be used in this study based on the literature review. The unemployment rate (UNEMPLOYED) is known to have a positive relationship with gun related fatalities (Parker, 1989). We expect a positive relationship between this variable and the dependent variable.…”

Section: Study Methods and Datamentioning

confidence: 86%

“…a]., (1989), Parker (1989), and Vold (1986). There are, of course, many possible explanations for this particular relationship which include reactions to the increased stresses of living in poverty, higher crime rates in depressed areas, and a possible inclination to turn to crime-including violent crime-as a response to a situation of hopelessness, to name just a few.…”

Section: Results and Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A relationship between unemployment and criminal violence has been relatively well documented (Lofftin et.al., 1989;Parker, 1989;Vold, 1986). A relationship between ethnic group membership and criminal violence has also been established (Gurr, 1981;Lane, 1968;Lenton, 1989;Monkonnen, 1989;Williams, 1984), although this may, in fact, be due to structural poverty.…”

Section: Research Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effectiveness of Gun Control Laws:

Kwon

Scott

Safranski

et al. 1997

American J Econ Sociol

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rr R. SAFRANSKI and MUEN BAE+ ASTRACT. The purpose of this study is to statistically and empirically evaluate the effectiveness of the gun control laws that have been adopted by states and municipalities. States are divided into two groups: states with no restrictions as to gun use and states with restrictions (e.g., waiting periods, license, etc.). Multiple linear regression models are used to evaluate the relationship between the number of gun related deathsin 1990 and sets of determinants which include state laws and regulations governing the use offirearms. The study results indicate that gun control laws have a very mild effect on the number of gun related deaths while socioeconomic variables such as a state's poverty level, unemployment rate and alcohol consumption, have significant impact on firearm related deaths. These findings suggest that any reduction in resources spent on socialprograms tied to the Crime Bill may be counter-productive.

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A guide to the literature on aggressive behavior

1989

Aggr. Behav.

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Poverty, Subculture of Violence, and Type of Homicide

Cited by 166 publications

References 19 publications

Social status and anger expression: The cultural moderation hypothesis.

Social status and anger expression: The cultural moderation hypothesis.

The Effectiveness of Gun Control Laws:

A guide to the literature on aggressive behavior

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