Pounding mitigation and unseating prevention at expansion joints of isolated multi-span bridges

Raheem, Shehata E. Abdel

doi:10.1016/j.engstruct.2009.05.010

Cited by 108 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This gives rise to extremely high forces in the bridge superstructure and abutments and may even cause unseating failure and subsequent collapse . Field observations after strong earthquakes have identified pounding as a major cause for the initiation of collapse and damage to bridges . For example, the reports after the Kobe 1995 earthquake indicated pounding as one of the causes of superstructures unseating .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They took into account a 5‐cm gap between adjacent decks and evaluated the pounding force using a gap element. Abdel Raheem considered a two‐part bridge deck with different gap sizes from 5 to 25 cm. He tried to damp the pounding force by using bumpers, instead of preventing the pounding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He tried to damp the pounding force by using bumpers, instead of preventing the pounding. The results indicated that the effectiveness of isolation systems can be significantly affected by the occurrence of pounding between adjacent bridge segments . He concluded that the gap sizes should be either very small in order to result in small structural responses or large enough to avoid pounding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pipe dampers as passive devices for seismic control of isolated bridges

Mahjoubi

Maleki

2016

Struct. Control Health Monit.

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During an earthquake, pounding of bridge superstructure into abutments is potentially destructive to structural elements and may cause unseating failure and collapse. By using energy dissipative devices such as passive dampers, the harmful pounding force may be prevented. One of the most economical passive dampers for structural applications is the pipe damper, recently introduced by the authors. In this paper, computer models of a two-span 60-m long conventional overpass bridge are equipped with different lengths of two types of pipe dampers, namely the dual-pipe (DPD) and infilled-pipe (IPD) dampers. A simplified lumped-mass model for the bridge considering soil stiffness is proposed and used in the study. A connection detail for connecting pipe dampers to the plate girders is also presented. The detail ensures that pipe dampers act only in the longitudinal direction, and no moment is transferred to the girders. A parametric study is performed on pipe damper length and excitation peak acceleration. Seismic responses of the bridge model with and without pipe dampers are investigated. The results of the study prove that both types of pipe dampers are effective in eliminating pounding force and significantly reducing seismic responses of bridges at a very low cost. A simple displacement-based procedure for design of dual-pipe damper and infilled-pipe damper elements to prevent deck-abutment impact in bridges with expansion joints is suggested in this study. An example of the suggested design procedure is then presented. The design example demonstrates an acceptable correspondence with the results obtained from the parametric analysis.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pipe dampers as passive devices for seismic control of isolated bridges

Mahjoubi

Maleki

2016

Struct. Control Health Monit.

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“…The pounding phenomenon of bridges in earthquakes is of great interest in science and engineering. The pounding phenomenon induced by horizontal earthquake between an abutment and bridge deck or between two adjacent bridge decks has been widely investigated in the literature [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Various pounding models [1][2][3][4][5] have been carried out to calculate the pounding force and the effects of pounding on bridge dynamic responses [6][7][8][9] in order to reduce the negative side of pounding [10][11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient responses of girder bridges with vertical poundings under near‐fault vertical earthquake

Yang

Yin

2015

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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SUMMARYPrevious studies on pounding responses of bridge structures mainly focus on the horizontal pounding between adjacent structures. However, the vertical pounding responses of bridge are rarely studied. The aim of this paper is develop a theoretical approach to investigate the transient behavior of continuous bridge under near-fault vertical ground motions. The transient behavior of bridge manifests as the earthquake-induced response wave and pounding-induced response wave travel throughout bridge. Based on a new continuous model of beam-spring-rod, the theoretical solution of bridge responses involving multiple vertical poundings is derived by the expansion of transient wave functions in a series of eigenfunctions. A new theoretical solving approach of the multiple vertical pounding forces is presented based on the transient internal force on the contact surface of the girder and bearing. The numerical results show that the present method can reasonably capture the propagations of the earthquake-induced response wave and pounding-induced response wave. The calculations of pounding force by the present method are convergence of the time-step size and truncation number of wave modes. As the effect of transient wave is taken into account, the numerical results show several transient phenomena involving the vertical pounding, the high pounding force, the multiple-pounding phenomenon, the vertical separation of girder from the bearing, the dependence of poundings on earthquake period and the narrow period window of poundings.

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“…The reasons include dissimilar fundamental frequencies of the participating structural members, spatially varying ground motion, and soil-structure interaction (SSI) (Chouw and Hao, 2009;Raheem, 2009;Bi et al, 2010Bi et al, , 2011. Spatial variation of ground motion arises mainly from three sources, i.e., the wave passage effect arising from finite wave velocity, loss of coherency because of reflection, refraction, and superposition of the seismic waves and the site effect resulting from different local soil conditions (Kiureghian and Neuenhofer, 1992).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Field Tests on Total Gap of Modular Expansion Joints to Avoid Bridge Pounding

Chouw

2016

Front. Built Environ.

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Modular expansion joints (MEJs) are used for accommodating large relative displacements of adjacent bridge segments and for completely eliminating pounding. However, the minimum total gap that an MEJ needs to avoid pounding is not well investigated. To provide guidance for the seismic gap of MEJs, the maximum relative displacement of adjacent bridge segments subject to strong earthquakes was studied experimentally. To date, no experimental investigation of excitation spatial variation effect on bridge on natural soil has been reported. This research addressed a bridge with three identical segments of 100 m. A 1:22 scale bridge model founded on compacted beach sand was tested using electromagnetic inertial exciters. Different ground motions were applied to the model to simulate the effect of spatially varying ground motions. Soil-structure interaction (SSI) was studied by comparing the minimum total gaps with those obtained from the fixed-based experiments in the laboratory. The spatially varying ground motions were simulated based on the New Zealand design spectra for soft soil, shallow soil, and strong rock conditions using an empirical coherency loss function. SSI was found to reduce the minimum total gap of an MEJ needed to avoid pounding between adjacent segments. Under spatially varying ground motions designing adjacent bridge segments with identical or similar fundamental frequencies is still recommended even if it does not necessarily preclude an out-of-phase movement of adjacent structures.

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Pounding mitigation and unseating prevention at expansion joints of isolated multi-span bridges

Cited by 108 publications

References 19 publications

Pipe dampers as passive devices for seismic control of isolated bridges

Pipe dampers as passive devices for seismic control of isolated bridges

Transient responses of girder bridges with vertical poundings under near‐fault vertical earthquake

Field Tests on Total Gap of Modular Expansion Joints to Avoid Bridge Pounding

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