Poultry offal meal in chicken: Traceability using the technique of carbon (13 C/12 C)- and nitrogen (15 N/14 N)-stable isotopes

Abstract

Studies on the detection of animal by-products in poultry meat are rare and practically nonexistent in chicken meat. With the development of the technique of stable isotopes for traceability purposes and the certification of broiler diet patterns, it has been necessary to know the behavior of the isotopic signature of different tissues in birds, in case of a potential replacement of a diet containing animal ingredients with a strictly vegetable one and vice versa. Thus, this study, carried out at the São Paulo State University, Botucatu Campus, Brazil, aimed to evaluate meat from the breast, thigh, drumstick, and wings to trace the presence of poultry offal meal (OM) in broiler feed using the analysis of stable isotopes of carbon ((13)C/(12)C) and nitrogen ((15)N/(14)N) by mass spectrometry. In total, 720 one-d-old chicks were distributed into 6 groups: vegetable diet (VD) from 1 to 42 d; 8% poultry offal meal (OM) diet from 1 to 42 d; VD from 1 to 21 d and 8% OM diet from 22 to 42 d; VD from 1 to 35 d and 8% OM diet from 36 to 42 d; 8% OM diet from 1 to 21 d and VD from 22 to 42 d; and 8% OM diet from 1 to 35 d and VD from 36 to 42 d. Through the analysis of C and N, it is possible to trace the use of OM in broiler feeding when this ingredient is part of the feeding throughout the breeding phase or when it substitutes a strictly VD even up to 35 d. When an OM diet is substituted by a VD, the animal ingredient has to be part of the feeding for 21 d or longer to be detected by this method.

Traceability of animal meals in quail eggs using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes

“…In the albumen samples, the first component caused a greater treatment separation (78.10%) and was more influenced by carbon (0.782) than the second component (21.90%). This 13 C and 15 N isotope enrichment is consistent with the findings of Carrijo et al (2006), Mori et al (2007Mori et al ( , 2008Mori et al ( , 2013, Denadai et al (2008, Oliveira et al (2010), andCruz et al (2012), who used animal meal in the diets of broilers and Japanese quail.…”

Rastreability of bovine meat and bone meal using the stable isotope technique in egg production

“…The difference between the assessment days was observed in the eggs and its fractions as evidence that the animal is composed of the isotopes it consumes, and exhibits a variation of approximately 2 ‰ for carbon-13 and 3 ‰ for nitrogen-15 (Hobson et al, 2010), which is an outcome that is corroborated by numerous experiments in poultry (Carrijo et al, 2006;Gottmann et al, 2008;Denadai et al, 2009;Oliveira et al, 2010;Cruz et al, 2012;Kanayama et al, 2012 andMóri et al, 2013).…”

Feather stable isotopes (δ2Hf and δ13Cf) identify the Sub-Saharan wintering grounds of turtle doves from Europe

“…While δ 15 N has been regularly included in studies dealing with main diet and trophic relationships of marine or aquatic birds, as δ 15 N patterns there are relatively well understood and/or constant over large geographic areas (Hobson 2011), the use of δ 15 N measurements in tracing origins of animals, particularly terrestrial animals, is relatively rare (Hobson and Wassenaar 2019). This is because δ 15 N values in plant and animal tissues can vary even locally as values are heavily influenced by anthropogenic sources of nitrogen, in particular by agricultural inputs, including fertilizers, sewage, and agricultural animal waste, and by atmospheric deposition via fossil fuel burning (Cruz et al 2012;Hobson et al 2012;McMahon et al 2013;Hobson and Wassenaar 2019).…”