Poultry manure effects on soil nitrogen processes and nitrogen accumulation in red raspberry

Abstract

K. 2000. Poultry manure effects on soil nitrogen processes and nitrogen accumulation in red raspberry. Can. J. Plant. Sci. 80: 849-860. This study examined the effects of solid poultry layer manure addition on soil N processes and on dry matter and N accumulation in red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.). In trials conducted in two years, approximately 50% of the 400 kg total N ha -1 applied as manure was recovered as soil inorganic N 1 mo after manure application when manure was incorporated within 4 h of application. Three trials were conducted in two commercial raspberry fields: one with no history of manure use and one other with a history of heavy annual applications of poultry manure. Treatments included 55 kg N ha -1 as NH 4 NO 3 , 100 or 200 kg total N ha -1 as manure, and a control that received no manure or fertilizer N. Soil inorganic N to 60 cm depth was measured throughout the growing season. Berry yield was estimated, and dry matter and N accumulation was determined in floricanes at first berry ripening and in primocanes at the end of the growing season. Few significant effects of N fertilization were measured for any crop yield, growth or N accumulation parameter. This was attributed to the large (> 150 kg N ha -1 ) supply of N to the crop in the unamended soil, primarily from soil N mineralization. Dry matter accumulation in the fruiting clusters was strongly correlated to estimated berry yield, and may provide a simple means for assessing relative yield within experiments. Soil nitrate measured in August after berry harvest may serve as a "report card" to assess N management in the current growing season, to refine fertilizer N management for subsequent growing seasons, and as an index of the risk of nitrate leaching over the following fall and winter in south coastal British Columbia. ). Au cours d'essais de deux ans, quelque 50 % des 400 kg d'azote total par hectare apporté sous forme de fumier était récupéré à l'état minéral un mois après l'épandage lorsque le fumier était incorporé au sol dans les 4 heures suivant l'épandage. Trois essais étaient réalisés dans deux framboisières commerciales, l'une sans antécédents d'utilisation de fumier et l'autre qui avait reçu au cours des années d'abondantes quantités annuelles de fumier de volaille. Les traitements comparés étaient : 55 kg N ha -1 sous forme de NH 4 NO 3 , 100 ou 200 kg N total ha -1 sous forme de fumier de volaille et un témoin sans apport de N organique ou minéral. La teneur en N minéral du sol jusqu'à 60 cm de profondeur était mesurée tout au long de la saison de végétation. Le rendement fruitier était calculé et la teneur en matière sèche et l'accumulation de N dans les tiges de deuxième année étaient mesurés à la maturité des premiers fruits et dans celle de première année à la fin de la saison. L'apport de N n'avait que peu d'effet significatif sur les des paramètres de rendement, de croissance ou d'accumulation de N, ce qui s'explique par l'abondante biodisponibilité de N (>150 kg ha -1 ) dans le sol non engraissé, surtout sous forme ...

An evaluation of estimating and indexing methods to simplify the determination of management treatment effects on raspberry yields

“…The two yield estimates using the Daubeny et al (1986) proposal and the yield index using the Dean et al (2000) proposal were significantly correlated with fresh picked yield (Table 1). Correlation coefficients were similar for the two estimates and considerably greater than for the index.…”

“…The yield index method values proposed by Dean et al (2000) were significantly correlated with yield, but the coefficient was substantially lower than the estimate method values. Dean et al (2000) reported that their yield index value was quite highly correlated (r = 0.75 to 0.90) with an estimate according to the method of Daubeny et al (1986); however, they did not report fresh yields with which to compare the estimate and index values.…”

“…The second estimate (the "Daubeny et al 2" estimate) was similar to the first only in that the fruit cluster component count included numbers of flowers and buds in addition to the berries. A yield index was determined according to the proposal by Dean et al (2000), which involved the average dry weight of fruit clusters [which included berries, flowers and buds plus the small stems (pedicles) on which the fruit were borne] per floricane also adjusted to a hectare total-land-area basis (the " Dean et al" index). The value was considered to be a yield index rather than an estimate because the index was a dry weight and the estimate was a fresh weight.…”

“…As a result of a study by Kowalenko (1994), who examined details of raspberry plant growth by monthly destructive sampling, Dean et al (2000) proposed measuring the dry weight of the fruit cluster at the initiation of berry ripening as an index of berry yield. This study did only limited assessment of the proposed index as a method to measure nutrient treatment effects on yield.…”

“…Recognizing that there were limited critical assessments of the yield estimating proposal by Daubeny et al (1986) and the indexing proposal by Dean et al (2000), a study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the methods as time-and labour-efficient alternatives to measuring yield by picking berries as they ripen. The evaluation focused on trials that had treatments (N and between-row cover crops) which influenced yield.…”