Poultry litter utilization for waste-to-wealth: Valorization process simulation and comparative analysis based on thermodynamic and techno-economic assessment

LNG Oxy-Fuel Power and Green Methanol Poly Generation Systems Associated with CO2 Condensation Capture: Techno-Economic Environmental Assessment

“…The chemical exergy and physical exergy are calculated by eqs –. , E x = E x normalc normalh normale normalm + E x normalp normalh normaly normals E x normalc normalh normale normalm = ∑ i n i E x c h e m , i + R 0 T 0 ∑ i n i .25em ln nobreak0em0.25em⁡ x i E x normalp normalh normaly normals = ( H − H 0 ) − T 0 ( S − S 0 ) where Ex chem and Ex phys denote the chemical exergy and physical exergy, respectively, n i , x i , and Ex chem, i represent the mole flow rate, and the corresponding molar fraction and standard chemical exergy of component i . T 0 = 25 °C is the reference temperature and R 0 = 8.314 kJ/(kmol·K).…”

“…The chemical exergy and physical exergy are calculated by eqs –. , where Ex chem and Ex phys denote the chemical exergy and physical exergy, respectively, n i , x i , and Ex chem, i represent the mole flow rate, and the corresponding molar fraction and standard chemical exergy of component i . T 0 = 25 °C is the reference temperature and R 0 = 8.314 kJ/(kmol·K).…”

“…53,54 Ex chem and Ex phys denote the chemical exergy and physical exergy, respectively, n i , x i , and Ex chem,i represent the mole flow rate, and the corresponding molar fraction and standard chemical exergy of component i. T 0 = 25 °C is the reference temperature and R 0 = 8.314 kJ/(kmol•K). H, S and H 0 , S 0 are enthalpy and entropy at operating and standard conditions, respectively.Exergy destruction Ex des can be obtained by…”

A Review of Poultry Waste-to-Wealth: Technological Progress, Modeling and Simulation Studies, and Economic- Environmental and Social Sustainability

“…To investigate and compare the performance and efficiency of different processes in converting poultry waste to wealth, the modeling and simulation of different poultry waste treatment processes are conducted and compared. Ma et al (2022) developed four processes for transforming poultry waste into useful products: supercritical water gasification for hydrogen and electricity, supercritical water gasification for electricity, steam gasification for electricity, and steam gasification for hydrogen, and indicated the potential of multi-energy recovery from poultry litter waste; the study found that the energy/exergy efficiency of the process is positively correlated with the heat value of syngas, and suggested that steam gasification for hydrogen could be a better solution due to its high efficiency and low equipment cost [58]. To examine the economic-environmental performance of different combinations of poultry waste treatment technologies (including slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction) and downstream processing options, Bora et al (2020) conducted nine case simulations in New York State, which revealed that the economic performance for the nine cases with respect to the four technological processes varied greatly with largely overlapping net present values, and the two pyrolysis processes can reduce greenhouse gas emissions more than the other two options [59].…”