Poultry Immunogenetics: Which Way Do We Go?

Lamont, Susan J.

doi:10.3382/ps.0731044

Cited by 15 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Genetic selection for the MHC is a desirable approach to improving immunoresponsiveness and disease resistance (86,87,91). Although the progress per generation may be small, such progress is heritable and therefore the increments are cumulative over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chicken major histocompatibility complex and disease

Lamont

1998

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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The chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC), or 6 complex, consists of several clusters of highly polymorphic genes, some of which are associated with disease resistance. The class I and class II antigens resemble their mammalian counterparts in the encoded protein structure. The class IV region encodes the B blood group antigens, which are readily identified by serological blood-typing. The class III region appears to be divided in chickens, with some elements that are MHC-linked and others that map elsewhere. In addition the Rfp-Y system, which bears a strong similarity to the MHC, maps to the opposite side of the nucleolar organiser region on the same microchromosome as the MHC. Each class of MHC genes is a potential candidate for a role in disease resistance. The MHC genes show associations with response to diseases as diverse as virally induced neoplasia, bacterial, parasitic and auto-immune diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chicken major histocompatibility complex and disease

Lamont

1998

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

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“…Hormone levels are affected by the genotype and in turn affect growth and egg production (Bayyari et al, 1997;Nestor et al, 2000). The genotype and phenotype of an animal activate the neuroendocrine system that helps the animal in its behavioral adaptability (Lamont, 1994;Mench and Duncan, 1998). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of conventional cages and floor pens on the H/L ratio in blood and albumen and yolk corticosterone in eggs of 4 strains of laying hens to assess their levels of stress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Invasive and noninvasive measurement of stress in laying hens kept in conventional cages and in floor pens

et al. 2009

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Measurements of the heterophil:lymphocyte (H/L) ratio (invasive technique) and corticosterone in yolk and albumen (noninvasive techniques) were used to measure stress in 3 commercial laying strains, Lohmann White (LW), H&N White (HN), Lohmann Brown (LB), and a noncommercial cross (CR) between Rhode Island Red (male) and Barred Plymouth Rock (female), kept in conventional cages or floor pens. All chicks were reared in their respective environments, and 450 and 432 pullets were placed at 18 and 7 wk of age in cages and floor pens, respectively. Blood from 12 hens per strain was taken at 19, 35, and 45 wk of age in each housing system. A total of 100 heterophils and lymphocytes were counted and their ratio (H/L ratio) was calculated. Corticosterone was measured in yolk and albumen from 12 hens per strain in each housing system at 22 and 45 wk of age. The H/L ratio was within the normal range. The interaction between environment and strain for the H/L ratio showed that in both environments, LB and CR hens had a higher H/L ratio than LW and HN layers. In cages, there were significant differences in H/L ratios between LW and HN hens that were likely due to genetic differences. The LW hens had significantly lower corticosterone concentrations in yolk than LB hens. In cages but not floor pens, yolk corticosterone concentrations at wk 22 were significantly higher than at wk 45. In floor pens but not cages, albumen corticosterone at wk 22 was higher than at wk 45. The H/L ratios suggest that none of the hens were unduly stressed, and corticosterone levels in yolk and albumen support the suggestion that hens adapted to their environments with age. Although measurement of yolk corticosterone and the H/L ratio may be comparable, the measurement of corticosterone level in the albumen may differ because it is secreted over a short time.

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“…Second, populations that differ in quantitative traits (i.e., disease or immune response) can be screened for differences that may be associated with the divergent trait These genetic or physiologic differences can then be examined for linkage with the traits of interest and for potential use as selection markers (bacon, 1992) [2] . Third, candidate genes that have a high probability of involvement in immune function, based upon either previous studies in poultry or function of homologous genes in other species, can be examined directly (Lamont, 1994) [24] .…”

Section: Genetic Basis Of Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

Poultry immunogenetics

Chinnareddyvari,

Goli

et al. 2024

Int. J. Res. Agron.

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Disease control in poultry production is crucial for maintaining flock health and productivity. This paper explores various strategies, with a focus on genetic approaches, to enhance disease resistance in chickens. Historical efforts dating back to the 1930s have laid the foundation for understanding disease resistance in chicken lines through genetic improvement. High-throughput methods like microarray analysis and RNA sequencing are invaluable for identifying genes associated with disease resistance and host-pathogen interactions. Immunologically, chickens possess innate and adaptive immunity, with several studies identifying candidate genes influencing immunological functions and disease resistance. Heritability estimates for immunological features vary, suggesting selective breeding can enhance certain qualities. Genetic factors also influence growth and immunological attributes, highlighting the complex relationship between genetics and disease resistance. Pathogens can manipulate host gene expression, affecting the immune system's response to infection. Effective disease control methods encompass eradication, vaccination, treatment, and genetic resistance, each with associated costs and considerations. Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) genes play a vital role in immune response and disease resistance, offering potential targets for selection. Genetic selection for immunophysiological traits has shown promise in enhancing overall immune system function. Utilizing a combination of disease control methods, including genetic selection, can effectively mitigate disease occurrence and impact in poultry populations. Understanding the genetic basis of disease resistance and employing appropriate selection strategies are essential for sustainable disease control efforts in poultry production.

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Poultry Immunogenetics: Which Way Do We Go?

Cited by 15 publications

References 32 publications

The chicken major histocompatibility complex and disease

The chicken major histocompatibility complex and disease

Invasive and noninvasive measurement of stress in laying hens kept in conventional cages and in floor pens

Poultry immunogenetics

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