Poultry feeds carry diverse microbial communities that influence chicken intestinal microbiota colonisation and maturation

Haberecht, Sarah; Bajagai, Yadav S.; Moore, Robert J.; Van, Thi Thu Hao; Stanley, Dragana

doi:10.1186/s13568-020-01077-5

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Particular interest has been paid to the bacterial communities or 'microbiome' of the gut, as it confers health benefits to the host, such as aiding in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, contributing to the construction of the intestinal epithelial barrier, the development and function of the host immune system, and competing with pathogenic microbes to prevent their harmful propagation (Kogut and Arsenault 2016;Shang et al 2018;Kogut 2019). The gut microbiota is altered by diet, pathogens, antimicrobials, and other nutritional, hormonal, or both internal and external behavioural factors (Oakley et al 2014;Diaz Carrasco et al 2019;Haberecht et al 2020). Both pathogenic and beneficial microbes can be found in the lumen of the gut or on the gut's mucosal surface (Jeurissen et al 2002).…”

Section: Box 2 Ileummentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is no doubt that feed additives and supplements such as probiotics, prebiotics, organic acids, and exogenous enzymes can modulate the intestinal microbial community of the host to promote health (Adeola and Cowieson 2011;Kim et al 2011;Teng and Kim 2018;Araujo et al 2019;Pereira et al 2019;Yadav and Jha 2019;Haberecht et al 2020) and are especially recommended for use in poultry to build or reestablish normal flora during periods of stress and other challenges that cause immunosuppression.…”

Section: Box 2 Ileummentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probiotics and gut health: linking gut homeostasis and poultry productivity

Shini

Bryden

2021

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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The use of probiotics in poultry production has increased rapidly, and this movement has been promoted by global events, such as the prohibition or decline in the use of antibiotic growth promotants in poultry feeds. There has been a persistent search for alternative feed additives, and probiotics have shown that they can restore the composition of the gut microbiota, and produce health benefits to the host, including improvements in performance. Probiotics have shown potential to increase productivity in poultry, especially in flocks challenged by stressors. However, the outcomes of probiotic use have not always been consistent. There is an increasing demand for well defined products that can be applied strategically, and currently, probiotic research is focusing on delineating their mechanisms of action in the gut that contribute to an improved efficacy. In particular, mechanisms involved in the maintenance and protection of intestinal barrier integrity and the role of the gut microbiota are being extensively investigated. It has been shown that probiotics modulate intestinal immune pathways both directly and through interactions with the gut microbiota. These interactions are key to maintaining gut homeostasis and function, and improving feed efficiency. Research has demonstrated that probiotics execute their effects through multiple mechanisms. The present review describes recent advances in probiotic use in poultry. It focuses on the current understanding of gut homeostasis and gut health in chickens, and how it can be assessed and improved through supplementation of poultry diets with probiotics in poultry diets. In particular, cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in the maintenance and protection of gut barrier structure and function are described. It also highlights important factors that influence probiotic efficacy and bird performance.

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Section: Box 2 Ileummentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Box 2 Ileummentioning

confidence: 99%

Probiotics and gut health: linking gut homeostasis and poultry productivity

Shini

Bryden

2021

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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“…Different protein sources and concentration in the diet contribute varying amounts of indigestible nitrogen at the terminal ileum (Bryan et al 2019). High protein diets have been found to influence the ceca microbiota and have been reported as a trigger for enteric diseases (Stanley et al 2014b;Broom 2017;De Cesare et al 2019;Haberecht et al 2020).…”

Section: Feed Proteinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the heat treatment associated with the pelleting process will reduce some bacteria contained within the feed itself. Thereby reducing the bacterial load of the feed and the opportunity for feed to serve as a source of bacterial contamination (Haberecht et al 2020).…”

Section: Feed Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mandated restrictions on the use of medically important antibiotics in broiler chicken production in Canada: implications, emerging challenges, and opportunities for bolstering gastrointestinal function and health — a review

Bean-Hodgins

Kiarie

2021

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Chicken Farmers of Canada has been progressively phasing out prophylactic use of antibiotics in broiler chicken production. Consequently, hatcheries, veterinarians, and nutritionists have been mandated to contend with less reliance on use of preventive antibiotics. A topical concern is the increased risk of proliferation of enteric pathogens leading to poor performance, increased mortality and compromised welfare. Moreover, the gut harbors several taxa such as Campylobacter and Salmonella capable of causing significant illnesses in humans via contaminated poultry products. This has created opportunity for research and development of dietary strategies designed to modulate gastrointestinal environment for enhanced performance and food safety. Albeit with inconsistent responses, literature data suggests that dietary strategies such as feed enzymes, probiotics/prebiotics and phytogenic feed additives can bolster gut health and function in broiler chickens. However, much of the efficacy data was generated at controlled research settings that vary significantly with the complex commercial broiler production operations due to variation in dietary, health and environmental conditions. This review will summarize implications of mandated restrictions on the preventative use of antibiotics and emerging Canadian broiler production programs to meet processor specifications. Challenges and opportunities for integrating alternative dietary strategies in commercial broiler production settings will be highlighted.

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“…Although E. coli and Acinetobacter are commensal gut bacteria in poultry and are detected in the feed, feces, and environment of poultry facilities, both E. coli and Acinetobacter have the potential to cause extraintestinal diseases in both humans and poultry [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. Importantly, extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) infections are often highly fatal in humans and poultry and are increasing worldwide, imposing a major burden on public health [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteria Broadly-Resistant to Last Resort Antibiotics Detected in Commercial Chicken Farms

et al. 2021

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Resistance to last resort antibiotics in bacteria is an emerging threat to human and animal health. It is important to identify the source of these antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria that are resistant to clinically important antibiotics and evaluate their potential transfer among bacteria. The objectives of this study were to (i) detect bacteria resistant to colistin, carbapenems, and β-lactams in commercial poultry farms, (ii) characterize phylogenetic and virulence markers of E. coli isolates to potentiate virulence risk, and (iii) assess potential transfer of AMR from these isolates via conjugation. Ceca contents from laying hens from conventional cage (CC) and cage-free (CF) farms at three maturity stages were randomly sampled and screened for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter (CRA), and colistin resistant Escherichia coli (CRE) using CHROMagar™ selective media. We found a wide-spread abundance of CRE in both CC and CF hens across all three maturity stages. Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli phylogenetic groups B2 and D, as well as plasmidic virulence markers iss and iutA, were widely associated with AMR E. coli isolates. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae were uniquely detected in the early lay period of both CC and CF, while multidrug resistant (MDR) Acinetobacter were found in peak and late lay periods of both CC and CF. CRA was detected in CF hens only. blaCMY was detected in ESBL-producing E. coli in CC and CF and MDR Acinetobacter spp. in CC. Finally, the blaCMY was shown to be transferrable via an IncK/B plasmid in CC. The presence of MDR to the last-resort antibiotics that are transferable between bacteria in food-producing animals is alarming and warrants studies to develop strategies for their mitigation in the environment.

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Poultry feeds carry diverse microbial communities that influence chicken intestinal microbiota colonisation and maturation

Cited by 24 publications

References 49 publications

Probiotics and gut health: linking gut homeostasis and poultry productivity

Probiotics and gut health: linking gut homeostasis and poultry productivity

Mandated restrictions on the use of medically important antibiotics in broiler chicken production in Canada: implications, emerging challenges, and opportunities for bolstering gastrointestinal function and health — a review

Bacteria Broadly-Resistant to Last Resort Antibiotics Detected in Commercial Chicken Farms

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