Poultry farmer response to disease outbreaks in smallholder farming systems in southern Vietnam

Delabouglise, Alexis; Thanh, Nguyen Thi Le; Xuyen, Huynh Thi Ai; Nguyen-Van-Yen, Benjamin; Tuyet, Phung Ngoc; Lam, Ha Minh; Boni, Maciej F.

doi:10.7554/elife.59212

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Overrepresentation of disease is possible in slaughterhouse populations such as this one. For example, Vietnamese poultry smallholders were reported to increase their sales to mitigate losses associated with an outbreak (39). No lesions of any stage were observed during this study, and it is unlikely that all shedding cattle were in the pre-clinical stages of FMD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in the Absence of Clinical Disease in Cattle and Buffalo in South East Asia

et al. 2021

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Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) is widespread throughout much of the world, including parts of South East Asia. Surveillance is often limited in endemic areas, relying predominantly on passive outbreak reporting. As part of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE)'s South East Asia and China Foot-and-Mouth Disease Project (SEACFMD), field sampling was performed to help understand evidence of widespread virus exposure observed in previous studies. Serum and dry mucosal swabs were collected to evaluate the presence of FMDV RNA on the nasal, oral, and dorsal nasopharyngeal mucosal surfaces of 262 healthy cattle (n = 84 in Laos; n = 125 in Myanmar) and buffalo (n = 48 in Laos; n = 5 in Myanmar) immediately following slaughter in three slaughterhouses. Swabs and serum were tested by the OIE/FAO World Reference Laboratory for foot-and-mouth disease (WRLFMD) using pan-serotypic real-time reverse transcription-PCR (rRT-PCR) and serum was evaluated using the FMD PrioCHECK non-structural protein (NSP) ELISA. In total, 7.3% of animals had detectable FMDV RNA in one or more of the three sites including 5.3% of nasopharyngeal swabs, 2.3% of oral swabs, and 1.5% of nasal swabs. No FMDV RNA was detected in serum. Overall, 37.8% of animals were positive for NSP antibodies, indicating likely past natural exposure to FMDV. Results were comparable for Laos and Myanmar, and for both cattle and buffalo, and were not significantly different between age groups. Detectable FMDV RNA present on the oral and nasal mucosa of clinically-healthy large ruminants in Laos and Myanmar demonstrates the importance of sampling asymptomatic animals as part of surveillance, and may indicate that subclinical infection plays a role in the epidemiology of FMD in these countries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in the Absence of Clinical Disease in Cattle and Buffalo in South East Asia

et al. 2021

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“…Author(s) agree that this article remain permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License about 29 million (Padhi, 2016), of which 75% are indigenous chickens (Delabouglise et al, 2020). Kamau et al (2018) observed that 80% of the poultry production originates from smallholders with 7.1 and 9.4% of meat and egg products originating from indigenous chickens, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Besides, increase in prices of poultry products has reduced consumption among low-income rural families to about 7% (Goraga et al, 2018). This is so despite poultry being a key contributor to economic development and vital towards achieving the socio-economic pillars of Vision 2030 (Delabouglise et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of indigenous poultry among smallholder farmers in Tigania West Meru County, Kenya

Mathiu¹,

Ndirangu²,

Mwangi³

2021

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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The study was conducted to evaluate factors that significantly influence indigenous poultry production among smallholder farmers in Tigania west Mer County using the production function approach. The study relied on primary data collected by administering structured questionnaires to 359 respondents randomly selected from 5 wards using the multi stage stratified random sampling and probability proportionate to size techniques. A cross sectional survey design and primary data on poultry yields, inputs and farmer demographics were collected. A one step Cobb Douglas production function in logarithmic form was used to estimate the frontier production. From the analyses, results showed that over 50% of the deviations in poultry output resulted from production constraints. Further, off farm income, technology adoption, flock size, extension access and gender of respondents positively influenced indigenous poultry production, while land under cultivation had a negative influence. Results revealed a possibility to increase indigenous poultry production using improved feeds and vaccinations since they were the most limiting resources. In addition, policy interventions aimed at enhancing technology adoption and improving provision of extension services would serve as a motivation to persuade farmers increase stock and apportion more credits to poultry production. This would increase output leading to economies of scale thus increased returns among smallholder farmers.

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“…For example, the 2014/2015 H5N2 outbreak in the USA resulted in the death or culling of over 50 million poultry, and was estimated to have a negative economic impact of over $3 billion ( 30 ). In low income countries, financial implications can drive smallholder poultry farmers to respond to poultry deaths by rapidly selling stocks, often at markets, which does not help with containment of emerging viruses ( 31 ). Despite the obvious benefits of vaccinating poultry in terms of biosecurity, routine vaccination of poultry has cost implications, which means that flock depopulation is a more cost-effective control strategy in many countries ( 32 , 33 ).…”

Section: Avian Influenza Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adenoviral Vectors as Vaccines for Emerging Avian Influenza Viruses

et al. 2021

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It is evident that the emergence of infectious diseases, which have the potential for spillover from animal reservoirs, pose an ongoing threat to global health. Zoonotic transmission events have increased in frequency in recent decades due to changes in human behavior, including increased international travel, the wildlife trade, deforestation, and the intensification of farming practices to meet demand for meat consumption. Influenza A viruses (IAV) possess a number of features which make them a pandemic threat and a major concern for human health. Their segmented genome and error-prone process of replication can lead to the emergence of novel reassortant viruses, for which the human population are immunologically naïve. In addition, the ability for IAVs to infect aquatic birds and domestic animals, as well as humans, increases the likelihood for reassortment and the subsequent emergence of novel viruses. Sporadic spillover events in the past few decades have resulted in human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses, with high mortality. The application of conventional vaccine platforms used for the prevention of seasonal influenza viruses, such as inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) or live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs), in the development of vaccines for HPAI viruses is fraught with challenges. These issues are associated with manufacturing under enhanced biosafety containment, and difficulties in propagating HPAI viruses in embryonated eggs, due to their propensity for lethality in eggs. Overcoming manufacturing hurdles through the use of safer backbones, such as low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAI), can also be a challenge if incompatible with master strain viruses. Non-replicating adenoviral (Ad) vectors offer a number of advantages for the development of vaccines against HPAI viruses. Their genome is stable and permits the insertion of HPAI virus antigens (Ag), which are expressed in vivo following vaccination. Therefore, their manufacture does not require enhanced biosafety facilities or procedures and is egg-independent. Importantly, Ad vaccines have an exemplary safety and immunogenicity profile in numerous human clinical trials, and can be thermostabilized for stockpiling and pandemic preparedness. This review will discuss the status of Ad-based vaccines designed to protect against avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential.

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Poultry farmer response to disease outbreaks in smallholder farming systems in southern Vietnam

Cited by 26 publications

References 41 publications

Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in the Absence of Clinical Disease in Cattle and Buffalo in South East Asia

Detection of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in the Absence of Clinical Disease in Cattle and Buffalo in South East Asia

Production of indigenous poultry among smallholder farmers in Tigania West Meru County, Kenya

Adenoviral Vectors as Vaccines for Emerging Avian Influenza Viruses

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