Poultry Consumption and Human Health: How Much Is Really Known? A Systematically Searched Scoping Review and Research Perspective

Abstract

This scoping review was conducted to systematically search and chronicle scientific literature pertinent to poultry intake and human health. The protocol (uploaded to Open Science Framework, https://osf.io/2k7bj/) was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for scoping reviews guidelines. Articles with observational and experimental research, narrative and systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were included. Among 13,141 articles identified, 525 met inclusion criteria. Among these 525 articles, 212 focused on cancer morbidity and mortality; 41 on cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality; 52 on cardiovascular disease risk factors; 32 on type 2 diabetes mellitus morbidity and mortality; 33 on type 2 diabetes mellitus risk factors; and 42 on body weight and body composition. An “Other” category (181 articles) included nutrient status, psychological well-being/mental health, cognition, microbiome, chronic kidney disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, skin disorders, and fertility, among others. Among the 525 included articles, 366 were observational, 64 were experimental, and 76 were reviews and meta-analyses. Eighty-three % of articles focused on adults or older adults. A paucity of research exists to support poultry as health-promoting foods, with most research only indirectly assessing poultry intake compared to other foods of interest (e.g., red meats or plant-based protein foods). No randomized, controlled trials and only 1% of observational studies assessed the influence of processed poultry intake on human health. In the future, the relative health effects of consuming poultry will be compared to a widening array of traditional and new protein-rich food products, necessitating the need for research to assess poultry as foods of choice. Science and health professionals, the poultry industry, and the public will benefit from new observational and experimental research to address cutting-edge scientific, public policy, and consumer topics pertinent to poultry intake and human health.

Identifying the relation between food groups and biological ageing: a data-driven approach

“…Since peach is not the most commonly eaten fruit, it can be argued that eating peaches represents a phenotype with high fruit intake, or even with a healthy lifestyle in general. The beneficial effects of poultry and nuts on healthy ageing were in line with previous studies [ 39–41 ]. The association between decelerated ageing and solid fats, such as butter and dairy-derived fats, that comprise primarily saturated fatty acids (SFAs), was rather unexpected.…”

The impact of dietary fat type on lipid profiles in lean mass hyper‐responder phenotype

“…5,6 However, even the same proteins and fats can have significantly different amounts of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol per unit. [7][8][9][10][11] Moreover, the fat content in meats varies according to the anatomical part. 12 Ebbeling et al reported that the saturated fat content of the CRD/KD was 20%, which is significantly higher than that recommended by American and European guidelines.…”

“…Several types of lipids are known to increase LDL‐C or TG levels 5,6 . However, even the same proteins and fats can have significantly different amounts of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol per unit 7–11 . Moreover, the fat content in meats varies according to the anatomical part 12 .…”

Poultry Consumption and Human Cardiometabolic Health-Related Outcomes: A Narrative Review

“…In 2022, we published a systematically searched scoping review pertinent to poultry intake and all facets of human health [ 4 ]. Among 13,141 articles identified, 525 met inclusion criteria.…”

“…Among 13,141 articles identified, 525 met inclusion criteria. Among these 525 articles, 41 were on cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality; 52 on CVD risk factors; 32 on type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) morbidity and mortality; 33 on T2DM risk factors; and 42 on body weight and body composition [ 4 ]. This scoping review did not present results described in the articles.…”