Potention of Lignin, Lignin Sulfonate and Lignin Acetate from Palm Empty Bunch as an Additive Substance in Urea Fertilizer as an Effort to Reduce the Solubility of Urea Nitrogen

Abstract

Hydrophobic lignin’s character is used as the base of lignin usage as the binder in the urea fertilizer tablet. Lignin was isolated from black liquor of pulp and paper with palm empty bunch materials. Sulfonation of lignin isolate produced lignin sulfonate. Acetylation of lignin isolate produced lignin acetate. Lignin, lignin sulfonate and lignin acetate analyzed its solubility showed that lignin has no solubility in water. Therefore, urea fertilizer need to be modified by lignin. Nitrogen concentration of tablet lignin – urea with variation of lignin percentage 1,2,3,4 and 5 % examined with Kjehdahl method, produced nitrogen concentration in average 43%. Binding lignin isolate with percentage of 1 – 5 % to commercial urea fertilizer formed lignin – urea tablet. Its solubility test showed that lignin – urea formation will dissolve in 96 ; 137 ; 435 ; 759 ; 625 seconds, respectively. As control was commercial urea fertilizer with solubility’s time is 142 seconds.

The Influence of Urea Modified Lignin from Palm Empty Bunch toward Vegetative Aspects of Lettuce Leaves

“…The principal of organosolv hydrolysis is hydrolyzed hemicelluloses simultaneously and dissolution of lignin using organic solvent that produce residue of cellulose. The average of black liquor and crude fiber that produced from this process were 233.3 mL and 44.34 g respectively [5].…”

“…It is assumed by the high weight of mass molecule lignin influenced the total weight of the tablets when it is weighted. Hygroscopic character of urea influence as well [5].…”

“…The process binding urea -lignin was done with the percentage 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 % of lignin from the total weight of the tablet [5]. Kjehdal method are used to analizing nitrogen concentration of each tablet.…”

“…Stopwatch was used to investigate the time of tablet solubility. Rate of water flow is fixed 0.15 m 2 /second [5], [6].…”

“…The modification of commercial urea powder with lignin (variation percentage) is done to reduce the speed of urea dissolving. Solubility tablet was analyzed using the modified glass tools that runs the water continually through the tablet and rate of water flow is 0.15 m 2 /second [5]. In this case, the tablet that has higher time is considered to have low speed solubility.…”