Potentiometric surface of the upper Floridan Aquifer, west-central Florida, May 1985

Coastal carbonate aquifer sensitivity to tides

“…As Hurricane Frances approached the WKP from the south, sea level at the coast dropped steadily for -55 hours, with the maximum de crease of nearly 1 m being followed by a very rapid increase of -1.5 m in less than 24 hours as the storm passed directly over the WKP During that time interval, discharge at Wakulla Springs decreased by -40%, then rebounded rapidly, rising to -120% of the mean value prior (including Wakulla Springs and Spring Creek), typical potentiometric contours [Barr, 1987], loca tion of a tide gauge at Shell Point, mapped underwater caves, and groundwater flow pathways revealed by recent tracing experiments. The inset shows the tracks of Hurricanes Frances and Ivan.…”

“…After 10 hours, tsunami waves had reached all the coasts facing the Indian Ocean,up to Madagascar and Australia, while approaching the eastern coast of South Africa. [Barr, 1987], location of a tide gauge at Shell Point, mapped underwater caves, and groundwater flow pathways revealed by recent tracing experiments. The inset shows the tracks of Hurricanes Frances and Ivan.…”

Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union Volume 86, Number 39, 27 September 2005

“…1. Map of the Woodville Karst Plain, north Florida, showing locations of the largest springs (including Wakulla Springs and Spring Creek), typical potentiometric contours [Barr, 1987], location of a tide gauge at Shell Point, mapped underwater caves, and groundwater flow pathways revealed by recent tracing experiments. The inset shows the tracks of Hurricanes Frances and Ivan.…”

Salinity and flow relations and effects of reduced flow in the Chassahowitzka River and Homosassa River estuaries, southwest Florida

“…The ground-water basin of the coastal springs-Withlacoochee River area comprises about 3,400 mi2, based on the potentiometric surface map of the Upper Floridan aquifer for May 1985 (Barr, 1985) ( fig. 1).…”

“…Pumpage and export of ground water from future regional well fields to urban centers could intercept water that is now being discharged to the rivers, thereby reducing streamflow and increasing estuarine salinity. Barr, 1985. ) Salinity is known to be strongly influenced by the quantity and variability of tributary streamflow as well as tidal fluctuations.…”