Potentiometric Sensor Arrays Based on Hybrid PFSA/CNTs Membranes for the Analysis of UV-Degraded Drugs

Abstract

The degradation of drugs is a substantial problem since it affects the safety and effectiveness of pharmaceutical products, as well as their influence on the environment. A novel system of three potentiometric cross-sensitive sensors (using the Donnan potential (DP) as an analytical signal) and a reference electrode was developed for the analysis of UV-degraded sulfacetamide drugs. The membranes for DP-sensors were prepared by a casting procedure from a dispersion of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) polymer, containing carbon nanotubes (CNTs), whose surface was preliminarily modified with carboxyl, sulfonic acid, or (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilanol groups. A correlation between the sorption and transport properties of the hybrid membranes and cross-sensitivity of the DP-sensor to sulfacetamide, its degradation product, and inorganic ions was revealed. The analysis of the UV-degraded sulfacetamide drugs using the multisensory system based on hybrid membranes with optimized properties did not require a pre-separation of the components. The limits of detection of sulfacetamide, sulfanilamide, and sodium were 1.8 × 10−7, 5.8 × 10−7, and 1.8 × 10−7 M. The relative errors of the determination of the components of the UV-degraded sulfacetamide drugs were 2–3% (at 6–8% relative standard deviation). PFSA/CNT hybrid materials provided the stable work of the sensors for at least one year.

Protein-Aided Synthesis of Copper-Integrated Polyaniline Nanocomposite Encapsulated with Reduced Graphene Oxide for Highly Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Dimetridazole in Real Samples

“…Various analytical techniques such as gas chromatography, polarography, immunoassay, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, and electrochemical (EC) techniques can be utilized for this purpose [ 7 , 8 ]. Among these, EC methods are the most extensively applied, as they often provide rapid, cost-effective detection and are more sensitive and effective than other methods [ 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a highly selective and sensitive electrode modifier for efficient DMZ detection.…”

Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membranes with Short and Long Side Chains and Their Use in Sensors for the Determination of Markers of Viral Diseases in Saliva

“…Amino acids and their derivatives are relevant analytes due to their antiviral, and general restorative properties, as well as their overproduction in the human organism in response to viral and cancer diseases. DP-sensors have no specific selectivity for specific analytes, but can be used to organize multisensory systems with cross-sensitivity [ 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 ]. The DP-sensor sensitivity to different components of a studied medium depends on the sorption ability of PFSA membranes to them.…”

“…The use of approaches based on the modification of the PFSA membrane interpore space and the introduction of nanoparticles of various dopants into them provided the possibility of directional changes in the DP-sensor sensitivity, depending on the nature of organic ions. Good results were obtained for the analysis of pharmaceutical media when PFSA membranes modified by oxides with a functionalized surface [ 73 ], functionalized MCNTs [ 74 ], or conducting polymers [ 75 ] were used in DP-sensors. At the same time, different preliminary treatments of PFSA membranes were effective for the varying of DP-sensor sensitivity as well [ 72 , 73 , 75 ].…”