“…Consequently, a of HEWL to Cu 2/ -IDA adsorbent takes a finite time to reach equilibrium, typically less than 30 min with number of alternative isotherm equations have been applied to protein adsorption. In particular, the Freun-the batch systems employed, and that the time taken to reach equilibrium was not strongly influenced by the dlich model (22) relates the adsorbed concentration as an exponential function of the solution concentration salt concentration of the buffer, although the maximum value of the q* versus t relationship was affected by the by the two-fitted parameters K k and n, i.e., neity of the adsorbent surface, (iii) the compositional or conformational heterogeneity of the protein surface, (iv) the propensity of proteins to associate into macromolecular aggregates, and (v) the participation of secondary protein-solvent or protein-ion equilibria as well as ligand-solvent or ligand-ion equilibria which lead to the binding of the protein to the ligand in a range of different energy states (4,26). As a consequence, when the adsorption behavior for protein-ion exchange and protein-affinity adsorbent interactions has been evaluated in terms of the singlecomponent Langmuir model, investigators (17)(18)(19)(26)(27)(28) tion, in particular, permits a more detailed evaluation KH 2 PO 4 buffer, pH 7.0, containing 0.2 M NaCl (l) and 2 M NaCl (᭺).…”