Potentiometric electronic tongue-flow injection analysis system for the monitoring of heavy metal biosorption processes

Functionalized graphene oxide materials for the fluorometric sensing of various analytes: a mini review

“…[58][59][60][61][62] The synthesized sensor conjugates are the most attractive and can be employed for the recognition of several target molecules and ions on account of their favorable characteristics, such as simplicity and specificity, sharp absorption and fluorescence emission, high fluorescence quantum yields, low toxicity, highly stability, cost-effective, and good water solubility. [49][50][51][52][53]56,57 To the best of our knowledge, this is the first and foremost review report discussing the fluorescent-functionalized GO/rGO nanomaterials for the detection of multifarious analytes. This review covers the general properties, synthesis, and utilization of GO/rGO-based fluorescent chemosensor conjugates for the sensitive and specific detection of various analytes such as metal cations (Ag + , Ce 3+ , Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ , Hg 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pb 2+ , Zn 2+ , and Zr 4+ ), anions (F À and I À ), amino acids (adenosine, cysteine, and lysine), carbohydrates (glucose), explosives (2,4,6trinitrotoluene and 2,4-dinitrotoluene), organic pollutants (bisphenol A, 1-naphthol, phenol, and picric acid), organic dyes (rhodamine 6G and neutral red), antibiotics (doxorubicin), RNA (miRNA), lectins, and viruses (Ebola) (Fig.…”

“…[46][47][48] These graphene-based nanomaterials as fluorescent chemosensors are being invented for the quick and sensitive recognition of the various types of analytes based on the strength of their remarkable characteristics, such as inexpensiveness, water-solubility, greater stability, high specific surface areas, biocompatibility, lower cytotoxicity, high electron mobilities, and extraordinarily low electronic noise. [49][50][51][52][53] The chemically modulated and conjugated GO-based nanomaterials manifest efficient noncovalent interactions with the adsorbed molecules via supramolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding, intramolecular p-p interaction, and electrostatic attraction. Therefore, the tunable and intrinsic qualities of GO-based materials attract manifold applications in the discipline of fluorescent chemosensors as an outstanding fluorophore as well as a potential dual nature fluorescence quencher via charge transfer or resonance energy transfer processes.…”

Flow Chemistry in Contemporary Chemical Sciences: A Real Variety of Its Applications

“…The development of common types of electrochemical detectors (thin-layer, wall-jet, wire, cascade, or multi-array detectors) was accompanied by the search of new electrode materials and surface modification of the working electrode surface, especially with biochemical receptors and nanomaterials [102]. The possibility of conducting simultaneous multi-analyte detection (without chromatographic separation) was achieved by appropriate polarization of the working electrode in voltammetric measurements [103], reporting a multi-pulse amperometric detection or the application of various sensors such as a potentiometric sensor with limited selectivity but with appropriate signal processing [104]. An example of such an advanced attempt was a rapid solid-phase fluoroimmunoassay [105].…”

Heavy Metal/Toxins Detection Using Electronic Tongues

“…The mechanism of metal ion uptake is ionic exchange due to the substantial release of Ca 2+ and alkaline metals (K + and Mg 2+ ) during Cu 2+ sorption process. Further studies were developed to monitor both Cu 2+ ions (from removal) and Ca 2+ ions (from exchanged and released process) in effluent solutions of grape stalk wastes [63]. Data were modeled by an ANN, and RMSE values at~0.07 mmol L −1 could be determined.…”