Potentiometric Determination of Ketotifen Fumarate in Pharmaceutical Preparations and Urine Using Carbon Paste and PVC Membrane Selective Electrodes

Abstract

This study compares between unmodified carbon paste (CPE; the paste has no ion pair) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) membrane selective electrodes that were used in potentiometric determination of ketotifen fumarate (KTF), where sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) was used as titrant. The performance characteristics of these sensors were evaluated according to IUPAC recommendations which reveal a fast, stable, and linear response for KTF over the concentration range of 10−7 to 10−2 mol L−1. The electrodes show Nernstian slope value of 52.51 ± 0.20 and 51.51 ± 0.25 mV decade−1 for CPE and PVC membrane electrodes at 30°C, respectively. The potential is nearly stable over the pH range 3.0–6.0 and 2.0–7.0 for CPE and PVC membrane electrodes, respectively. Selectivity coefficient values towards different inorganic cations, sugars, and amino acids reflect high selectivity of the prepared electrodes. The electrodes responses at different temperatures were also studied, and long operational lifetime of 12 and 5 weeks for CPE and PVC membrane electrodes, respectively, were found. These are used for determination of ketotifen fumarate using potentiometric titration, calibration, and standard addition methods in pure samples, its pharmaceutical preparations (Zaditen tablets), and biological fluid (urine). The direct potentiometric determination of KTF using the proposed sensors gave recoveries % of 98.97 ± 0.53 and 98.62 ± 0.74 with RSD 1.42 and 0.63% for CPE and PVC membrane selective electrodes, respectively. Validation of the method shows suitability of the proposed sensors for use in quality control assessment of KTF. The obtained results were in a good agreement with those obtained using the reported spectrophotometric method.

Synthesis of neodymium-iron nanoperovskite for sensing applications of an antiallergic drug

“…The obtained recovery and relative standard deviation values were compared with those obtained using a previously reported method (direct potentiometric determination of ketotifen at carbon paste electrode). 4 The recovery results of the reported method were in the range of 97.97% to 98.96% and the relative standard deviation was in the range of 0.74% to 1.73%. The obtained results were comparable with those obtained using the reported potentiometric method, confirming the validity of the proposed method for quality control assessment of ketotifen.…”

“…2−4,35−38 Therefore, the proposed sensor showed good sensing performance toward ketotifen oxidation in terms of limit of detection and sensitivity. [2] 4.60 Not reported 1.0 × 10 -5 to 1.0 × 10 -2 mol L -1 Not reported Flow nject on analys s PVC membrane electrode [3] 98.1 nmol L -1 Not reported 10 -7 to 10 -2 mol L -1 Not reported Potent ometr c Carbon paste electrode [4] 5.0 Not reported 5.0 × 10 -6 to 1.0 × 10 -2 mol L -1 Not reported Potent ometr c Coated graph te membrane [35] 0.7 nmol L -1 Not reported 5 × 10 -8 to 1 × 10 -6 mol L -1 Br tton-Rob nson bu er solut on (pH 11)…”

“…. The relation between the anodic peak potential of 0.5 mmol L −1 ketotifen/0.1 mol L −1 PBS at NFMCpE-SDS and the pH values (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). Inset: relation between the anodic peak current of 0.5 mmol L −1 ketotifen/0.1 mol L −1 PBS at different pH values at NFMCpE-SDS.…”

Simple chemiluminescence determination of ketotifen using tris(1,10 phenanthroline)ruthenium(II)‐ Ce(IV) system

“…The therapeutic importance of the drug has prompted to develop various techniques for its assay in pharmaceuticals and body fluids. It is quantified by high performance liquid chromatography , high performance thin layer chromatography , liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry , spectrofluorimetry , direct differential pulse polarographic and adsorptive‐stripping voltammetry , UV spectrophotometry , potentiometric titration and coulumetric titration .…”

In situ modified screen printed and carbon paste ion selective electrodes for potentiometric determination of naphazoline hydrochloride in its formulation

“…Potentiometry with ion selective electrodes (ISE) is one of the most important analytical tools capable of determining both organic and inorganic substances in medico-biological practice [12] . There is a constant progress in the number of electrodes capable of selectively identifying various drugs such as carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) [13] , [14] , [15] , [16] , [17] , [18] . Although the CPEs play an important role in the electrochemical analysis, the prepared pastes are soft and non-compactable and have to be packed into a special piston shaped holder with definite shape and size.…”