Potentiation Effect of Metolachlor on Toxicity of Organochlorine and Organophosphate Insecticides in Earthworm Eisenia andrei

Stepić, Sandra; Hackenberger, Branimir K.; Velki, Mirna; Hackenberger, Davorka K.; Lončarić, Ž.

doi:10.1007/s00128-013-1000-0

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…In contrast to the MTT assay, however, we did not find a potentiation effect of SM by the addition of PG in the clonogenic assay ( Figure 2B ). Stepić et al (2013) insisted that the potentiation character of chemical was a specific phenomenon, rather than a general effect, and that the reason was related to the chemical structures of the mixture. Although we found the potentiation of SM in the cell viability assay, only A549 cells were used, and only PG was mixed with SM in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentiation of Sodium Metabisulfite Toxicity by Propylene Glycol in Both in Vitro and in Vivo Systems

Yoo¹,

Lim²,

Kim³

et al. 2018

Front. Pharmacol.

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Many consumer products used in our daily lives result in inhalation exposure to a variety of chemicals, although the toxicities of the active ingredients are not well known; furthermore, simultaneous exposure to chemical mixtures occurs. Sodium metabisulfite (SM) and propylene glycol (PG) are used in a variety of products. Both the cytotoxicity and the sub-acute inhalation toxicity of each chemical and their mixtures were evaluated. Assays for cell viability, membrane damage, and lysosome damage demonstrated that SM over 100 μg/ml induced significant cytotoxicity; moreover, when PG, which was not cytotoxic, was mixed with SM, the cytotoxicity of the mixture was enhanced. Solutions of 1, 5, and 20% SM, each with 1% PG solution, were prepared, and the whole body of rats was exposed to aerosols of the mixture for 6 h/day, 5 days/week for 2 weeks. The rats were sacrificed 1 (exposure group) or 7 days (recovery group) after termination of the exposure. The actual concentration of SM in the low-, medium-, and high-exposure groups was 3.91 ± 1.26, 35.73 ± 6.01, and 80.98 ± 5.47 mg/m3, respectively, and the actual concentration of PG in each group was 6.47 ± 1.25, 8.68 ± 0.6, and 8.84 ± 1.77 mg/m3. The repeated exposure to SM and PG caused specific clinical signs including nasal sound, sneeze, and eye irritation which were not found in SM single exposure. In addition, the body weight of treatment group rats decreased compared to that of the control group rats in a time-dependent manner. The total protein concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) increased. Histopathological analysis of the lungs, liver, and nasal cavity was performed. Adverse effects were observed in the nasal cavity, with squamous cell metaplasia identified in the front of the nasal cavity in all high-exposure groups, which completely recovered 7 days after exposure was terminated. Whereas inhalation of SM for 2 weeks only reduced body weight in the high-dose group, inhalation of SM and PG mixtures for 2 weeks significantly decreased body weight and induced metaplasia of the respiratory epithelium into squamous cells in the medium- and high-dose groups. In conclusion, PG potentiated the toxicity of SM in human lung epithelial cells and the inhalation toxicity in rats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potentiation of Sodium Metabisulfite Toxicity by Propylene Glycol in Both in Vitro and in Vivo Systems

Yoo¹,

Lim²,

Kim³

et al. 2018

Front. Pharmacol.

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“…Although classified as a potential carcinogen by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency [53], metolachlor is widespread in the United States. The actual toxicity of metolachlor on humans and ecosystems is still being analyzed [53][54][55][56], and actual effects are difficult to assess because acute toxicity mostly occurs in combination with other substances [57].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health benefits, ecological threats of low-carbon electricity

Gibon

Hertwich

Arvesen

et al. 2017

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Stabilizing global temperature will require a shift to renewable or nuclear power from fossil power and the large-scale deployment of CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) for remaining fossil fuel use. Non-climate co-benefits of low-carbon energy technologies, especially reduced mortalities from air pollution and decreased ecosystem damage, have been important arguments for policies to reduce CO 2 emissions. Taking into account a wide range of environmental mechanisms and the complex interactions of the supply chains of different technologies, we conducted the first life cycle assessment of potential human health and ecological impacts of a global low-carbon electricity scenario. Our assessment indicates strong human health benefits of low-carbon electricity. For ecosystem quality, there is a significant trade-off between reduced pollution and climate impacts and potentially significant ecological impacts from land use associated with increased biopower utilization. Other renewables, nuclear power and CCS show clear ecological benefits, so that the climate mitigation scenario with a relatively low share of biopower has lower ecosystem impacts than the baseline scenario. Energy policy can maximize co-benefits by supporting other renewable and nuclear power and developing biomass supply from sources with low biodiversity impact.

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“…Stepic et al . [ 13 ] found that binary combinations of two pesticides atrazine and cyanazine with the organophosphate chlorpyrifos had synergism effect on non target organism. These findings call for more research to be promptly undertaken in order to understand the mechanisms behind the synergy observed and quantify the extent of its environmental impacts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro toxicity evaluation of low doses of pesticides in individual and mixed condition on human keratinocyte cell line

et al. 2014

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The induced toxicity of three pesticides (alpha-Hexachlorocyclohexane: α-HCH; Parathion methyl:PM; Carbofuran: CN) in single and four possible combination on human keratinocyte cell line have been investigated. There was no significant change in toxicity (cyto and genotoxicity) on cell line exposed by individual pesticides except α-HCH. But, a synergistic effect was observed when we tested mixture of pesticides. The intracellular ROS and cytotoxicity assay revealed maximum reduction in cell viability (60%) was found in tri mixture of pesticides. All the possible combination of these pesticides demonstrated genotoxic activity in terms of olive tail moment and % tail DNA on cell line at low concentration. The order of toxicity was ranked as α-HCH+PM+CN>α- HCH+CN>PM+CN>α-HCH+PM. Our results call for more research to be undertaken in order to understand the mechanisms behind the synergy observed and quantify the extent of its environmental impacts.

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Potentiation Effect of Metolachlor on Toxicity of Organochlorine and Organophosphate Insecticides in Earthworm Eisenia andrei

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Potentiation of Sodium Metabisulfite Toxicity by Propylene Glycol in Both in Vitro and in Vivo Systems

Potentiation of Sodium Metabisulfite Toxicity by Propylene Glycol in Both in Vitro and in Vivo Systems

Health benefits, ecological threats of low-carbon electricity

In vitro toxicity evaluation of low doses of pesticides in individual and mixed condition on human keratinocyte cell line

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