Potentials of Digitally Sampling Scintillation Pulses in Timing Determination in PET

Xie, Qingguo; Kao, Chien-Min; Wang, Xi; Guo, Ning; Zhu, Caigang; Frisch, H.; Moses, W.W.; Chen, Chin-Tu

doi:10.1109/tns.2009.2023656

Cited by 56 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…This result shows better time resolution than rv 300 ps FWHM[10] using the CFD under similar test setup.V. DISCUSSION AND SUMMARYWe have developed the prototype waveform sampling read out board using the DRS4 chip for a PET data acquisition.…”

mentioning

confidence: 63%

A development of waveform sampling readout board for PET using DRS4

Kim

Kao

Kim³

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record

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High speed ( 2: 1 GHz) digital waveform sampling is one approach to achieve precise timing and also simplify the data acquisition of positron emission tomography (PET). Such waveform sampling technology becomes more reliable due to recent developments in modern chip technologies. We developed a prototype waveform sampling board using the Domino Ring Sampler (DRS4) chip for a PET data acquisition. The board provides eight channels which have 1 V input dynamic range and the maximum sampling speed of 5 giga-samples per second (GS/s). After amplitude and time calibrations on all the capacitor cells, noise level of each channel is measured to be "-' 1.5 m V (RMS), and ,,-,8 ps (FWHM) of electronic time resolution is measured for single channel. As a demonstration, the board was used to readout the waveforms from two Hamamatsu R9800PMTILSO detector modules in coincidence setup. From the preliminary analysis, 12.6% FWHM of energy resolution and ,,-,277 ps FWHM of coincidence time resolution were obtained using 511 keY photo-peak data.

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mentioning

confidence: 63%

A development of waveform sampling readout board for PET using DRS4

Kim

Kao

Kim³

et al. 2011

2011 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record

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“…Due to noises in the previous pulse tail, linear areas of leading edges of pulses from the second and so on in a pileup were difficult to define, these reconstructed pulses contributed 922-ps timing resolution (down right). CFD [28], the delay was set as 1.6 ns and the attenuation coefficient was 0.2 in software CFD.…”

Section: B Timing Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When more than one pulse was reconstructed from a pileup, the noises in the tail of a pulse would affect the accuracy of the linear fitting for the following pulse. In the DiSER method, the linear fitting was done on the middle part of the leading edge of the pulse, which has a better linearity [28] (as shown in Fig. 13).…”

Section: B Timing Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Digital technologies have shown advantages in PET event processing such as reducing system dead time [26], rectifying baseline shifting [27], and improving timing resolution [28], [29]. For pileup processing, the DLPC and the dynamic integration methods are also implemented in digital domain for better performance [24] and simplified circuits [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advantages of Digitally Sampling Scintillation Pulses in Pileup Processing in PET

Wang

Xie

Chen

et al. 2012

IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci.

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A novel digital signal processing method called digital-single-event-reconstruction (DiSER) is proposed to detect pileups, and to recover the timing and the energy information of each single event from a pileup. For each digitized waveform, the DiSER method can distinguish multi-event pileups from single-event pulses by counting the leading edges in a scintillation's duration. Leading edges are identified from the derivative of the waveform. Each leading edge and its following tail are utilized to reconstruct the scintillation pulses in a pileup. Two or more reconstructed single-event pulses can be retrieved from a detected pileup. Consequently, the timing and the energy information of the single event could be derived from the reconstructed pulse. Compared to the conventional pulse processing method, the DiSER method significantly increases the counts of coincidence events in high count rate cases. The energy spectrums, coincidence timing histograms and flood maps obtained by the DiSER method and the conventional method are compared. The effect of sampling rate on the DiSER performance is investigated as well. The experimental results suggest that the DiSER method is a promising digitally sampling scintillation pulses technique for pileup processing in PET.Index Terms-Digital signal processing, pileup, positron emission tomography (PET), scintillation pulse.

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“…M ULTI-VOLTAGE Threshold (MVT) [1], [2], [3] can digitize fast signals with reasonable cost, and has been used in PET detectors. The structure of MVT digitizer is described in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Event Pulse Classification with Multi-Voltage Threshold samples for scatter rejection in PET

Deng

Xiao

Xie

2014

2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC)

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We proposed a novel Event Pulses Classification (EPC) method to reject scatter directly from Multi-Voltage Threshold (MVT) samples data. This study is motivated by the emerging demand for the MVT-digitalized scintillation pulses processing in the PET implementation. MVT is a sparsequantization-level flash ADC which can digitize fast signals (such as scintillation pulses without shaper) with excellent budget. However, it is limited by the absence of integral expression and baseline, leading to difficulties in energy-related processing, such as scatter rejection and event location. Based on Maximum a Posterior (MAP) criterion, EPC introduces a new classifier technology to overcome the above difficulties. To evaluate the performance of our EPC method in the process of exploring useful information of MVT sampling, we set up our detection platform and collect a dataset of event pulses. Events in this digital library are obtained at a high sampling rate of 50 GSps (Giga-samples per second) so that their waveforms are recorded with high accuracy. Our results show that our EPC method indeed yield a very low Mean Error Rate (MER) with MVT samples. Meanwhile, these results of EPC have also demonstrated the promising potentials of MVT techniques in the energy-related classification of pulses.

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Potentials of Digitally Sampling Scintillation Pulses in Timing Determination in PET

Cited by 56 publications

References 19 publications

A development of waveform sampling readout board for PET using DRS4

A development of waveform sampling readout board for PET using DRS4

Advantages of Digitally Sampling Scintillation Pulses in Pileup Processing in PET

Event Pulse Classification with Multi-Voltage Threshold samples for scatter rejection in PET

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