Potentials of community-based early detection of cardiovascular disease risk during the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract

Background The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a significant decline in Non Communicable Diseases (NCD) screening and early detection activities, especially Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). This study aims to assess the potential of community-based self-screening of CVD risk through the mhealth application. Methods This is operational research by actively involving the community to carry out self-screening through the mHealth application. Community health workers were recruited as facilitators who encourage the community to carry out self-screening. To evaluate the potential of community-based self-screening of CVD risk, we use several indicators: responses rate, level of CVD risk, and community acceptance. Results Of the 846 individuals reached by the cadres, 53% or 442 individuals carried out self-screening. Based on the results of self-screening of CVD risk, it is known that around 21.3% are at high risk of developing CVD in the next 10 years. The results of the evaluation of semi-structured questions showed that about 48% of the people had positive impressions, 22% assessed that this self-screening could increase awareness and was informative, 3% suggested improvements to self-screening tools. Conclusion Cadres play an important role in reaching and facilitating the community in their environment to remain aware of their health conditions by conducting self-screening of CVD risk. The availability of the mHealth application that the public can easily access can simplify CVD risk prediction and expand screening coverage, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, where there are social restrictions policies and community activities.

Combined small and large magnetic nanoparticle extraction and concentration from biofluids for non-toxic detection of biomarkers

“…interaction of dipole with the magnetic field is significantly larger than the thermal energy. For small magnetic nanoparticles (they are more critical to this approximation) with a radius of R = 2.5 nm and with a magnetization M of 2 × 10 5 A m −1 in a strong magnetic field B of 1 T, the energy ratio can be estimated as 0.5kT/mB = 0.5kT/[M(4/3)πr 3 This approximation is thus relatively accurate for a strong magnetic field. However, for a weaker magnetic field, the magnetic interaction will be smaller, and for a more accurate calculation, statistical averaging is needed to obtain the average magnetic moment for small magnetic nanoparticles at every new position of the relatively large ones.…”

“…Published by the Royal Society Chemistry interaction dipole with the magnetic field is larger than the thermal energy. For small magnetic nanoparticles (they are more critical to this approximation) with a radius of R = 2.5 nm and with a magnetization M of 2 × 10 5 A m −1 in a strong magnetic field B of 1 T, the energy ratio can be estimated as 0.5kT/mB = 0.5kT/[M(4/3)πr 3…”

“…The early detection of pathological development of diseases such as cancer, 1 Alzheimer's disease, 2 or cardiovascular disease, 3,4 to name a few, is very important to avoid severe consequences and death. One of the methods allowing recognition of a disease at its early stage of development is detection of the pathological biomarkers and measurement of their concentration.…”

Strengthening causes of death identification through community-based verbal autopsy during the COVID-19 pandemic

“…The COVID-19 pandemic has limited the mobility and face-to-face activities of the community-based verbal autopsy in this study, but with the use of information and communication technology, it can still be implemented. According to research from Siregar et al, in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, community empowerment using information and communication technology has a high scope in reaching the community [40].…”

“…This integration can strengthen local potentials that ensure the functioning of health cadres to be actively involved in participatory community-based health programs. Additionally, prior research has emphasized the need for a functional community surveillance system to help record accountable deaths [40].…”