Potentials of Cellulose and Silica-based Materials for Enzyme Immobilization

Abstract

This research aims to develop biomaterials for a place for enzyme immobilization in a designed porous matrix. Hydrolyzed bacterial cellulose was entrapped in the silica rice husk surface during gelling to modify the surface properties. Immobilized enzymes were investigated for their life duration and reusability. In this research, cellulase, trypsin, and lipase enzymes were used as probe enzymes to be immobilized in the silica-cellulose matrix, and their activity was tested using spectroscopic techniques. The systems exhibited good reusability up to 6 cycles with the also interesting outcome from the dynamics in the interface, which were varied by temperature, pH, and stirring speed. Silica-cellulose was also compared to silica alone in this experiment. When physical interaction with surfaces was assumed, enzyme activity decreased to 10, 20, and 40% due to confinement but underwent complex dynamics due to speedy adsorption-desorption equilibrium.

Enhancing Enzymatic Activity Through Co-Immobilization of Protease and Lipase Enzymes on Magnetic Nano-Iron Oxides Coated with Gum Arabic

“…Various techniques, such as adsorption, entrapment, covalent bonding, and cross-linking, have been used to immobilize enzymes on magnetic nanoparticles, each offering unique advantages in terms of IOP Publishing doi:10.1088/1755-1315/1371/6/062046 2 enzyme activity and stability [20,23,29].In addition, the use of immobilization methods based on coated magnetic nanoparticles has shown promising results in achieving high enzyme activity and stability [21]. The application of magnetic nanoparticles to stabilize multiple enzymes has been demonstrated in the development of multienzyme biocatalysts, providing synergistic effects and improving the analytical performance of these enzymes [17,30].The use of magnetic nanoparticles has also enabled the development of magnetically separable enzyme catalyst systems, allowing easy recovery and reuse of immobilized enzymes [25,26,27,28]. Given that the immobilized enzyme has many economic, environmental and technical advantages, including operational stability and reusability, this study aimed to co-immobilize the enzymes protease and lipase simultaneously using magnetic nano-iron oxides to increase the activity of the enzymes and to achieve the largest diffusion distance for the enzymes using ultrasound in addition to the ability to easily withdraw enzymes from the reaction medium at any moment using external magnetic flux.…”