Potentials and limitations of the natural antioxidants RRR-alpha-tocopherol, l-ascorbic acid and β-carotene in cutaneous photoprotection11This review is dedicated to Lester Packer, University of California, Berkeley.

Fuchs, Jürgen

doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(98)00161-0

Cited by 175 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 289 publications

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“…Various endpoints indicating phototoxic damage, such as UV-dependent erythema, formation of sunburn cells, skin wrinkling, lipid peroxidation, and DNA damage, can be modulated (58,104,155). Using a combination of the vitamins is more efficient than the use of single compounds as ingredients of a topically applicable sunscreen (52,97).…”

Section: Tocopherol and Ascorbatementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Protection Against Skin Damage From Sunlight

2004

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▪ Abstract The concept of systemic photoprotection by dietary means is gaining momentum. Skin is continuously exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, the major cause of skin disorders such as sunburn, photodamage, and nonmelanoma skin cancer. Most of the erythemal annual UV dose is encountered under nonvacation conditions, when no sunscreen is applied. In the absence of topically added compounds, skin protection depends solely on endogenous defense. Micronutrients can act as UV absorbers, as antioxidants, or can modulate signaling pathways elicited upon UV exposure. UV-induced erythema is a suitable parameter to assess photoprotection. Dietary protection is provided by carotenoids, tocopherols, ascorbate, flavonoids, or n-3 fatty acids, contributing to maintenance resistance as part of lifelong protection.

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Section: Tocopherol and Ascorbatementioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Protection Against Skin Damage From Sunlight

2004

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“…Exposure to UV light from the sun can cause sunburn, premature skin aging, DNA damage, and skin cancer (Fuchs, 1998;Xu et al, 2006). The damage of the extracellular matrix integrity in skin tissue by UVA radiation can make skin wrinkle and become photoaging in many young and adult persons who have activities under the sunlight (Lavker et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of piperic acid derivatives fromPiper nigrumas UV protection agents

Choochana

Moungjaroen²,

Jongkon

et al. 2014

Pharmaceutical Biology

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Context: There is a need for the discovery of novel natural and semi-synthetic sunscreen that is safe and effective. Piperine has a UV absorption band of 230-400 nm with high molar absorptivity. This compound has a high potential to be developed to sunscreen. Objective: This study develops new UV protection compounds from piperine by using chemical synthesis. Materials and methods: Piperine was isolated from Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae) fruits, converted to piperic acid by alkaline hydrolysis, and prepared as ester derivatives by chemical synthesis. The piperate derivatives were prepared as 5% o/w emulsion, and the SPF values were evaluated. The best compound was submitted to cytotoxicity test using MTT assay. Results: Piperic acid was prepared in 86.96% yield. Next, piperic acid was reacted with alcohols using Steglich reaction to obtain methyl piperate, ethyl piperate, propyl piperate, isopropyl piperate, and isobutyl piperate in 62.39-92.79% yield. All compounds were prepared as 5% oil in water emulsion and measured its SPF and UVA/UVB values using an SPF-290S analyzer. The SPF values (n ¼ 6) of the piperate derivatives were 2. 68 ± 0.17, 8.89 ± 0.46, 6.86 ± 0.91, 16.37 ± 1.8, and 9.68 ± 1.71. The UVA/UVB ratios of all compounds ranged from 0.860 to 0.967. Cytotoxicity of isopropyl piperate was evaluated using human skin fibroblast cells and the IC 50 was equal to 120.2 mM. Discussion and conclusion: From the results, isopropyl piperate is an outstanding compound that can be developed into a UV protection agent.

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“…The hydrophilic ascorbate and the lipophilic tocopherol might be effective in modulating tissue injury by predominantly reacting chemically with free radicals (e.g., alkoxyl and peroxyl radicals) whereas the predominant photoreaction of the lipophilic ß-carotene might be the scavenging of excited species such as singlet oxygen and triplet states. Thus, the antioxidant action of these compounds in vivo is different qualitatively and quantitatively and depends on the type of photo-oxidative stress imposed (Fuchs, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non enzymatic antioxidant photoprotection against potential UVBR induced damage in an Antarctic diatom (Thalassiosira sp.)

Hernando

Malanga

Puntarulo

et al. 2011

lajar

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ABSTRACT. In January 1999, unialgal cultures of the diatom Thalassiosira sp., solate from natural phytoplankton assemblages from Potter Cove, Antarctica, were exposed to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm) in order to study the long-term acclimation of this species. Ultraviolet radiation B (UVBR, 280-315 nm) inhibited the growth rate during the first and second days of exposure. No UVBR inhibition was observed on the third day. The initial content of α-tocopherol (13 pmol (10 4 cell)) showed a marked decrease during the exponential growth phase (4 pmol (10 4 cell -1 ) by day 3). The initial content of β-carotene (3 pmol (10 4 cell) -1 ) did not show significant differences over time in cells exposed to UVBR. Two mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) were identified: porphyra-334 and shinorine. Cellular concentrations of MAAs increased significantly on days 2 and 3, and exposure of the algae to UVBR significantly enhanced this value. The relative importance of MAAs concentration was significant (P < 0.05) in relation to the α-tocopherol content. A positive correlation was shown between cellular MAAs concentration and growth rate. Our results suggest that photoprotection against UV-induced damage is characterized by short-term consumption of α-tocopherol and longer-term synthesis of MAAs. The UVBR damage/repair ratio during long-term exposure involves the combined action of several endogenous factors within the cell, with MAAs synthesis being the most effective factor related to photoprotection. Keywords: β-carotene, α-tocopherol, growth rate, diatoms, MAAs, photoprotection, Antarctica.Fotoprotección antioxidante no-enzimática contra el potencial daño inducido por UVBR en una diatomea antártica (Thalassiosira sp.) RESUMEN. Durante enero 1999, cultivos unialgales de una diatomea Thalassiosira sp., aislada de poblaciones fitoplanctónicas naturales de Caleta Carlos Potter, Antártida, fueron expuestos a radiación solar ultravioleta (UVR, 280-400 nm) con el objetivo de estudiar su aclimatación a largo plazo. La radiación ultravioleta B (UVBR, 280-315 nm) inhibió la tasa de crecimiento durante el primer y segundo día de exposición. No se observó inhibición por UVBR durante el tercer día. El contenido inicial de α-tocopherol (13 pmol (10 4 cel) -1 ) mostró una marcada disminución durante la fase de crecimiento exponencial (4 pmol (10 4 cel) -1 al día 3). El contenido inicial de β-caroteno (3 pmol (10 4 cel)) no mostró diferencias significativas entre días en células expuestas a UVBR. Se identificaron dos aminoácidos parecidos a micosporina (MAAs), porfira-334 y shinorina. Las concentraciones celulares de MAAs mostraron aumentos significativos en los días 2 y 3, que resultaron mayores cuando las algas fueron expuestas a UVBR. La importancia relativa de la concentración de MAAs fue significativa (P < 0.05) en relación al contenido de α-tocopherol. Se encontró una relación positiva entre la concentración celular de MAAs y la tasa de crecimiento. Estos resultados sugieren que la fotoprotección contra el daño inducido...

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Potentials and limitations of the natural antioxidants RRR-alpha-tocopherol, l-ascorbic acid and β-carotene in cutaneous photoprotection11This review is dedicated to Lester Packer, University of California, Berkeley.

Cited by 175 publications

References 289 publications

Nutritional Protection Against Skin Damage From Sunlight

Nutritional Protection Against Skin Damage From Sunlight

Development of piperic acid derivatives fromPiper nigrumas UV protection agents

Non enzymatic antioxidant photoprotection against potential UVBR induced damage in an Antarctic diatom (Thalassiosira sp.)

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