Potentially toxic element phytoavailability assessment in Technosols from former smelting and mining areas

Qasim, Bashar; Motelica-Heino, Mikaël; Joussein, Emmanuel; Soubrand, Marilyne; Gauthier, Arnaud

doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3768-9

Cited by 35 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…The difference between perovskite/Si tandem Ag and Au results is the metal contact layer, as the other layers are the same. The impacts from the gold layer are due to the mining process of this material, which includes As, Co, Cr, Hg and Zn, as typical metal pollution associated with this activity, posing risks to soils, water and associated flora and fauna . These results motivate the development of perovskite and perovskite/Si tandem solar cells that eliminate gold.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A life cycle assessment of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Lunardi

Ho‐Baillie

Alvarez-Gaitan

et al. 2017

Progress in Photovoltaics

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Given the rapid progress in perovskite solar cells in recent years, perovskite/silicon (Si) tandem structure has been proposed to be a potentially cost‐effective improvement on Si solar cells because of its higher efficiency at a minimal additional cost. As part of the evaluation, it is important to conduct a life cycle assessment on such technology in order to guide research efforts towards cell designs with minimum environmental impacts. Here, we carry out a life cycle assessment to assess global warming, human toxicity, freshwater eutrophication and ecotoxicity and abiotic depletion potential impacts and energy payback time associated with three perovskite/Si tandem cell structures using silver (Ag), gold (Au) and aluminium (Al) as top electrodes compared with p–n junction and hetero‐junction with intrinsic inverted layer Si solar cells. It was found that the replacement of the metal electrode with indium tin oxide/metal grid in the tandem cell reduces the environmental impacts significantly compared with the perovskite cell. For all the impacts assessed, we conclude that the perovskite/Si tandem using Al as top electrode has better environmental outcomes, including energy payback time, when compared with the other tandem structures studied. Use of Al in preference to noble metals for contacts, Si p–n junction in preference to intrinsic inverted layer and the avoidance of 2,20,7,70‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)9,90‐spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) are environmentally beneficial. The key result found of this work is that the most important factor for the better environmental impacts of these tandem solar cells is the transparency and electrical conductivity of the perovskite layer after it fails. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A life cycle assessment of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Lunardi

Ho‐Baillie

Alvarez-Gaitan

et al. 2017

Progress in Photovoltaics

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“…Samples for chemical analysis were screened first using a 2‐mm mesh sieve to remove crude plant material …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is therefore necessary to study their bioavailability in order to estimate the potential danger linked to a possible run off of such toxic elements firstly into the hydrosphere, and then into living organisms such as plants. The final consequence will be a negative effect on human health due to entry into the food chain . Therefore, it appears to be important to get more information on metal(loid) availability in soil and their uptake by aerial organs of plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phyto‐availability of metals in soils depends on the metal(loid) species and their distribution between the solid phase and the pore water due to the soil physico‐chemical characteristics. Thus, many studies have been carried out on polluted soil to evaluate metal(loid) phyto‐availability . Moreover, a wide range of individual and sequential extraction schemes have been designed to evaluate the different forms of metal binding in soils using neutral salts (CaCl 2 and NH 4 NO 3 )…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Biochar and Amendments on Pb and As Phytotoxicity and Phytoavailability in a Technosol

Nandillon

Miard

Lebrun

et al. 2019

CLEAN Soil Air Water

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Phytostabilization has been proposed as a promising tool for long-term management of polluted sites. Optimization of the process efficiency involves choosing suitable amendments to allow both efficient plant growth and the immobilization of contaminants. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the effect of amendments on (i) the physicochemical properties of technosol and (ii) the mobility and phyto-availability of metal(loid)s. A dwarf bean growth test is conducted on technosols amended with compost, garden soil, slag, and biochar. The physicochemical properties of soil pore water (SPW) are determined as well as the phyto-available concentrations of metal(loid)s by simple extraction tests. All amendments used are able to increase SPW pH and electrical conductivity, allowing a decrease in the lead concentration in SPW by 90% and the lead phytoavailable part by 93%. However, for all amendments, SPW As concentration increased. Lastly, the amendments improve bean growth and tend to decrease the metal(oid) concentrations in aerial organs. As concentration in roots did not decrease whereas Pb concentration decreased. Metal(loid) concentrations of Pb accumulated in the aerial parts of beans and their extractable concentrations show a significant positive correlation with the extraction procedures. In contrast, the phytoavailable As shows a weak correlation with As concentrations in the aerial parts. The 1-M NH 4 NO 3 extraction procedure is the most appropriate and provides the most useful indications of the phytoavailability for the studied elements.

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“…These chemical extractions are not selective in terms of providing specific chemical forms of metals having an operationally defined character but have been widely applied with the aim to evaluate the availability of metals in agricultural soils (Schramel et al 2000;Mirlean et al 2007;Duplay et al 2014;Qasim et al 2015). The neutral salt extractant provides the most useful indication of metal plant uptake exhibiting an ionic strength similar to that of typical soil solutions (Menzies et al 2007).…”

Section: Selection Of Extracting Agents For the Evaluation Of Heavy Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of single extraction procedures for the assessment of heavy metal extractability in citrus agricultural soil of a typical Mediterranean environment (Argolida, Greece)

et al. 2015

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Purpose Heavy metals are natural soil constituents; however, the intense use of agrochemicals can increase total contents above background levels as well as the available fractions of the more toxic elements. In this study, the occurrence of some metals was investigated in agricultural soils from an intensely farmed rural area of Greece (Argolida) aiming to evaluate the various available pools and examine their relationship with the reactive and pseudototal soil fraction. Materials and methods Thirty soil samples were selected from a large database of a previous geochemical survey in the study area. The pseudototal (aqua regia), reactive (0.43 M HNO 3 ), potentially phytoavailable (0.05 M EDTA), mobilizable (0.43 M HAc), and mobile (0.01 M CaCl 2 ) pools of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Mn were determined. Soil properties were also examined including pH, total organic carbon, calcium carbonate content, and amorphous Al, Mn, and Fe oxides. In order to combine all geochemical information and elucidate the association between available metal pools and soil chemical characteristics, multiple linear regression was employed. The various proportions of available metal pools (%) were expressed as a function of the pseudototal or reactive metal content and general soil properties. Results and discussionThe mobile pool of trace elements in the studied soils was quite low, while notable amounts of Cu were released by EDTA indicating a greater tendency for complexation. The acetic acid extraction yielded increased percentages of Cd and Mn and for these elements the reactive pools were quite representative of the pseudototal content. Extractable amounts of Zn by all the applied reagents were very low indicating that a considerable part of this metal is of geogenic origin. The empirical regression models showed that prediction of the available pools of Cu, Zn, and Cd from the pseudototal and reactive content is feasible. Although pH is known to be a key factor of at least exchangeable metal pools, its narrow range blurs its influence in the present study. Conclusions The relatively low extraction yields of the studied elements show that the potential hazard of metal transfer to plants in the area is minimal despite some elevated pseudototal concentrations. The geochemical reactive and various available pools of Cu, Zn, and Cd in Mediterranean calcareous citrus soils can be determined by a single soil extraction test using dilute nitric acid.

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Potentially toxic element phytoavailability assessment in Technosols from former smelting and mining areas

Cited by 35 publications

References 79 publications

A life cycle assessment of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

A life cycle assessment of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells

Effect of Biochar and Amendments on Pb and As Phytotoxicity and Phytoavailability in a Technosol

Evaluation of single extraction procedures for the assessment of heavy metal extractability in citrus agricultural soil of a typical Mediterranean environment (Argolida, Greece)

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