Potentially probiotic bacteria induce efficient maturation but differential cytokine production in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells

Abstract

AIM:To analyze the ability of nine different potentially probiotic bacteria to induce maturation and cytokine production in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs). METHODS: Cytokine production and maturation of moDCs in response to bacterial stimulation was analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and flow cytometric analysis (FACS), respectively. The kinetics of mRNA expression of cytokine genes was determined by Northern blotting. The involvement of different signaling pathways in cytokine gene expression was studied using specific pharmacological signaling inhibitors. RESULTS: All studied bacteria induced the maturation of moDCs in a dose-dependent manner. More detailed analysis with S. thermophilus THS, B. breve Bb99, and L. lactis subsp. cremoris ARH74 indicated that these bacteria induced the expression of moDC maturation markers HLA class Ⅱ and CD86 as efficiently as p a t h o g e n i c b a c t e r i a . H o w e ve r, t h e s e b a c t e r i a differed in their ability to induce moDC cytokine gene expression. S. thermophilus induced the expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-12, IL-6, and CCL20) and Th1 type (IL-12 and IFN-γ) cytokines, while B. breve and L. lactis were also potent inducers of antiinflammatory IL-10. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38, phosphatidylinositol 3 (PI3) kinase, and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathways were shown to be involved in bacteria-induced cytokine production. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that potentially probiotic bacteria are able to induce moDC maturation, but their ability to induce cytokine gene expression varies significantly from one bacterial strain to another. Latvala S, Pietilä TE, Veckman V, Kekkonen RA, Tynkkynen S, Korpela R, Julkunen I. Potentially probiotic bacteria induce efficient maturation but differential cytokine production in human monocyte-derived dendritic cells.

Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus plantarum strains downregulate proinflammatory genes in an ex vivo system of cultured human colonic mucosa

“…Human intervention trials and studies using animal models could show that certain probiotic strains exert protective effects in chronic intestinal inflammation (reviewed in Hormannsperger and Haller 2010;Mileti et al 2009). Different strains may have different forms of interaction with immune and nonimmune cells (Latvala et al 2008;Mileti et al 2009), and therefore, their appropriateness has to be specifically determined. Some probiotic strains maintain or restore the epithelial barrier function after pathogen challenge (Otte and Podolsky 2004) or proinflammatory cytokine stimulus (Resta-Lenert and Barrett 2006), and others alter the capacity of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) to release proinflammatory mediators or directly modify immune cell activity.…”

“…Studies using IEC cultures have shown the downregulation of the secretion of the proinflammatory chemokine IL-8 (Frick et al 2007; Kamada et al 2008;Ma et al 2004;O'Hara et al 2006) and other NF-jB regulated chemokines, such as MCP-1 (Petrof et al 2009) or CCL-20 (Sibartie et al 2009), as well as a mechanism for the inhibition of IP-10 secretion. Also, a number of works demonstrated that probiotic bacteria directly interacting with immune cells elicit a differential cytokine production, thereby driving the polarization of T cells toward T h 1, T h 2, T h 17 or regulatory T cells (Foligne et al 2007a, b;Kekkonen et al 2008;Latvala et al 2008).…”

Influence of Probiotics on Coccidia, <i>H</i>. Contortus and Markers of Infection in Goats

“…During this process, a protective effect was exerted via multiple immune and nonimmune mechanisms and by direct antimicrobial activity against pathogens. This resulted in increased phagocytosis and modified cytokine levels via different cell populations (de Moreno de LeBlanc et al, 2010;Latvala et al, 2008;Vizoso Pinto et al, 2009).…”

Differential effect of Bifidobacterium species on cytokine production in a Caco-2/PBMC co-culture system

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Bifidobacterium species present in the gut microbiota have shown capacity to modulate cytokine production by intestinal epithelial cells, monocyte derived dendritic cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in in vitro experiments (1,2) . These findings may confer them the potential to be used as probiotics in the prevention and treatment of pathologies with underlying immune alterations, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, allergy and celiac disease.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different bifidobacterial species (Bifidobacterium adolescentis ATCC15703; Bifidobacterium angulatum ATCC27535; Bifidobacterium breve ATCC15700; Bifidobacterium catenulatum LMG; Bifidobacterium longum biovar infantis LMG 11046T; B. longum biovar longum ATCC15707) on cytokine production in a Caco-2/PBMC co-culture system.

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“…Bifidobacterium species present in the gut microbiota have shown capacity to modulate cytokine production by intestinal epithelial cells, monocyte derived dendritic cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in in vitro experiments (1,2) . These findings may confer them the potential to be used as probiotics in the prevention and treatment of pathologies with underlying immune alterations, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, allergy and celiac disease.…”